<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 02 January 2008 - Volume 01
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">
Helge Tietz</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:helgetietz@yahoo.com">helgetietz@yahoo.com</a>></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span class="HcCDpe"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">LL-L "Language varieties" 2008.01.01 (02) [E]</span><br><br></span>
Dear Heiko and Reinhard,<br><br>I agree in with you about the
relationship between the Nazies and Low Saxon. Of course, we can only
try to recount on what we got forwarded from our parents or
grandparents but on the whole Low Saxon was not promoted by the Nazies
at all and even in Holsten the Hitler-Youth and BDM was in High German
only. Although the "Plattduetsch Schoolbook", issued by the Fers-Gilde
was still handed out to schoolchildren during the Nazi-dictatorship (I
still have a copy which my mother passed on to me), the attitude was
indeed to promote uniformism, which meant High German had the absolute
preference. In North Friesland, famously the poet Mungaard from Sylt
was prosecuted for refusing to write in High German instead of his
local Frisian, he was an outspoken anti-nazi (one of the few
unfortunately) and died in 1940 in a concentration camp. The attitude
of the Nazies towards any minority or non-High-German language is
documented by Goebbel's commend on a letter in Dutch written by the
Dutch Nazi-organisation which he refused to read because "it is
impossible for him to recite all German dialects...". Somebody told me
once that she wouldn't speak Low Saxon to her children because of the
peasant-attitude it is associated with, I replied that if she is
concerning about language attitude she should rather stop speaking High
German because Adolf Hitler spoke High German only! I only received a
somewhat puzzled look as a response....<br><br>Groeten vun Helge!<br><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><span></span>
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: Language attitudes<br><br>I'm pretty sure your general assessment is correct, Helge.<br><br>
The tendency at that time was to pretty much make no distinction between "German" and "Germanic." The Nazi propaganda apparatus -- and it included many academics and writers -- followed this ideal to shmooze the populations of other "Germanic countries" both before and during occupation, and, yes, also "Germanic countries"
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> that were not invaded, such as Sweden and Iceland. This did make a difference in that it converted some people to Nazi ideas and galvanized racist attitudes that had existed there already -- something people in those countries usually don't want to talk about these days. Especially people in border regions found themselves in precarious situations, especially right after the end of World War II when they were prime suspects as "collaborators" unless they were known to have been active in the resistance movements. And this is no doubt a major reason for their particularly standoffish and even hostile attitudes toward Germans for a long time. It was not only a matter of chagrin over the occupation but also a need to dissociate and to reaffirm national allegiance. This is why many people in the eastern parts of the Netherlands often refused to speak Low Saxon with visiting North Germans. Closeness had to be denied as a counter reaction.
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Yes, the idea then as later was that Low Saxon was a dialect group of German. As such it didn't constitute a threat and could be dismissed, or it could be exploited in the "Blut und Boden" genre of propaganda: stories of "simple, pure, noble-minded peasants" that needed to be liberated from evil "foreigners" and "bolsheviks." It didn't matter what "dialects" those "peasants" spoke and if Low Saxon, Frisian and Dutch fell into the same category as Bavarian, Swabian, Hessian, Alsatian, Luxembourgish or Thuringian. However, it was different if people that were not "simple peasants" insisted on using "dialects" with language ambition. In other words, language activism was a definite no-no. Besides, not all "German dialects" were necessarily "good" and "pure." Some were "perverted," "degenerate," namely those that had too much foreign influence and those used by "inferior races," such as Yiddish and also German-based varieties with Romany and Yenish substrata, and there were the highly Slavicized German and Low Saxon varieties used by Slavs, especially by Sorbs, Kashubs and Slovincians.
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">By the way, public use of Sorbian was outlawed, and all Sorbian publishing organizations were dissolved. (Sorbian, or Lusatian, denotes two Western Slavic languages that nowadays are unique to Germany.) Although there is little more than anecdotal evidence, it seems that the long-term plan was to enslave all people of Slavic descent, including Sorbs as well as Germans of clearly Slavic descent (which was in part to be determined by Nazi-trained physical anthropologists).
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I don't think the Nazis were too worried about Frisians on German soil, since they were a small minority, were "Germanic" and were conversant in both Low Saxon and German as well. However, language activism and anything outrightly promoting ethnic "otherness" was seen not only as acts of defiance but also as threatening precedents in the ethnically fluid, less loyally German and thus at least potentially volatile border region. If Frisians and Danes on German soil couldn't be kept in line, how could the occupied people of Denmark be kept in line?
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I do believe that any Low Saxon language assertion movement would have been declared treason had there been one. There was extant literature, such as that by Groth, that talked about
</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Spraak</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> in this context, but "language" is vague enough a term. </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Egenstännige Spraak</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> ("independent language") would have been a different matter and would not have been tolerated.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">P.S.: In true Mecklenburg fashion, my friend Hannelore Hinz (
<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/feature_hanne_en.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/feature_hanne_en.php</a>) calls me "Reining." Now that I like! In part it may be because it reminds me of my maternal grandfather after whom I'm named but whom I never got to meet (because he was killed in the carpet bombing of Hamburg). This
</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-ing ~ -ink</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> diminutive suffix supposedly comes from Pomeranian Slavic *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
-inkë</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.</span><br><br></span>