<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 05 January 2008 - Volume 01
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Song Contest: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/contest/">lowlands-l.net/contest/</a> (- 31 Dec. 2007)</span>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">
Henno Brandsma</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl">hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl</a>></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.01.04 (09) [A/E]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: <span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);"> Paul Finlow-Bates</span> <span><<a href="mailto:wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk" target="_blank">wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2008.01.04 (03) [E]<br></span><blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left: 5px; margin-left: 5px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div>From: R. F. Hahn < <a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><span></span> <br></div>Subject: Etymology<br><div><br>By the way, for some strange reason the cognate word for "people" (Old English
<i>léode</i>, Old Northumbrian </div><i>líoda</i>)
seems to have disappeared from English and Scots also. In English, it
disappeared at the end of the Middle English period ( e.g., <i>Fra hys kyn till ane wncouth <u>lede</u></i>, Wintoun Chronicles, 1425). In Scots it held on to the early modern stage (e.g., <i>For thai me hayt mar na Sotheroun
<u>leid</u></i>, Henry Wallace, 1714).<br><br>Regards, <br>Reinhard/Ron<br></blockquote> <div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I
guess we had (and retained) "folc" in various forms, and borrowed the
French "people" as a synonym. Maybe "lede" just got redundant? I
don't know if Norse had any "lede"-like word, but they did have "folk";
if English settles on a Germanic word it is often an Old English one
reinforced by Norse. For example we use "tree" rather than "beam"
because ON and OE had a version of the former. Beam now only survives
as a special meaning, and in tree names like Hornbeam.</div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"> <div> </div> <div>Paul Finlow-Bates</div></font><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Interestingly
enough, a similar thing has happened in North Frisian, where
Danish/Jutish had a strong influence and people often were bilingual or
trilingual (Frisian, Jutish, Low Saxon; and now we add standard Danish
and standard German in the mix as well...) and often Frisian there
either has old loans (keere = to drive, to ride, from køre, which still
underwent unrounding as "real" Frisian words) or preserved words that
were reinforced by contact, like "knif" for knife (WF has "knyft" for
large knife (as for bread and meat), and "mês" for a smaller one). They
do say "buum" etc for tree (WF beam).</div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><div><br></div><div>Henno Brandsma<br><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">----------</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">From: </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU">Henno Brandsma</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl">
hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl</a>></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Subject: </span><span class="HcCDpe"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
LL-L "Etymology" 2008.01.04 (09) [A/E]</span><br><br></span><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank"> sassisch@yahoo.com</a>
><br>Subject: Etymology<br><br> By the way, this sg. <i>-man</i> -> pl. <i>-luyd'</i> system seems to be common to the "Low German" group (Low Franconian and Low Saxon); e.g., Low Saxon <i>timmerman</i>
-> <i>timmerluyd'</i> (<i> Timmermann </i>-> <i>Timmerlüüd</i>') 'capenter(s)', <i>varensman</i> -> <i>varensluyd'</i> (<i>Fahrensmann</i> -> <i>Fahrenslüüd'</i>) 'seafarer(s)',
<i>koupman</i> -> <i>koupluyd' </i> (<i>Koopmann</i> -> <i>Kooplüüd'</i>) 'merchant(s)'.<br><br>And then it's the common, albeit not only, plural marker in the following cases: <i>man</i> -> <i>
mans</i> ~ <i>mansluyd'</i> (<i> Mann</i> -> <i>Manns</i> ~ <i>Mannslüüd'</i>) 'man/men', <i>vrou</i> ~ <i>vru</i> -> <i>vroun</i> ~ <i>vruun</i> ~ <i>vrouns ~ vruuns </i>~ <i>vrounslüüd'</i> ~ <i>
vruunslüüd'</i> (<i>Fro ~ Fru -> Froon ~ Fruun ~ Froons ~ Fruuns ~ Frounslüüd' ~ Fruunslüüd' </i>) 'woman/women'. So one of the choices is like English "menfolk" and "womenfolk" respectively.
<br><br>How about Frisian and Limburgish, and is it native if it does exist there?</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">In
WF it seems to be native: man [mOn] - manlju [pronounced [mO:lj@], frou
- froulju [frO:lj@], timmerman - timmerlju, farrensman - farrenslju, </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">seeman - seelju, keapman - keaplju.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Froulju
en manlju are the usual plurals, although mannen also occurs, and just
"man" in counting: "ik ferwachtsje twa man op besite", where it can just</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">mean two people, in this context. The latter also occurs in Dutch and many of its varieties.
</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Groetnis,</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Henno Brandsma</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br></div></div></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">