<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 02 February 2008 - Volume 07<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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=========================================================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Luc Hellinckx</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>><br>
Subject: </span><span class="JDpiNd"></span>LL-L "Delectables"<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Beste Theo,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
You wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">But
-I hesitate to ask- but is there some brilliance<br>
left among our
lowlands-colleagues to say something<br>
sensible about
a other lowlandish word for swedes:<br>
Wruken. Any
idea of the word-family?<br>
</blockquote>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Read somewhere that "Wruken" and "Rauke" < eruca (Latin), which is
also a member of the Brassica family.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Kind greetings,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Luc Hellinckx</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
PS: According to </span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://www.etymonline.com/" target="_blank">http://www.etymonline.com</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, the "baga" in rutabaga is
cognate with English "bag" (and not with "back"/Backen/bacon...)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Luc Hellinckx</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>><br>
Subject: </span><span class="JDpiNd"></span>LL-L "Delectables"<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Beste Theo,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
You wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">Moreover:
I think that the old 'neutral' connotation<br>
of *man* and
*mens* are still surviving in old<br>
expressions in
germanic languages, e.g. in dutch 'een<br>
manshoog
paard' = 'a horse as high as a person'.<br>
</blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Indeed, e.g.:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Er is 7 man op afgekomen" (~ 7 mensen)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Alleman was aanwezig" (ieder-een, ieder mens)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
the tribe of the "Alamannen" = all-men = all the people</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Apparently, in the first two examples, "man" is invariably viewed as
being plural.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Kind greetings,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Luc Hellinckx</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Subject: Etymology</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>I wrote the following about the use of <i>wruk</i> or <i>wruuk</i> for 'swede' or 'rutabaga' in Low Saxon and it likely origin:<br><br>
</span></font><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" color="#888888">Apparently it's <i>wruk</i> or <i>wruuk</i> depending on dialects. I know that these words are used in dialects of Mecklenburg and farther east. </font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></font></div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br></span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><...><br><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"></span><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Kashubian: </span><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">wrëk</i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> [vrək]</span><br>
</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">That's [wr@k] in SAMPA.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">For the benefit of those that didn't already know this, Kashubian (formerly known as Cassubian) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic (Lekhitic) branch, is thus closely related to Polish as well as to Slovincian and Polabian. (That means that it belongs to a different West Slavic branch than Czech, Slovak and Sorbian). Of these, Slovincian has been extinct since about the 1950s or 1960s (with the last speakers being refugees in West Germany), and Polabian has been extinct since the late 18th century (with the last speakers in eastern Lower Saxony, Germany).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Kashubian is really Modern Pomeranian, and its language movements tend to identify it as Pomeranian, its names being interchangeably </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">kaszëbsczi jãzëk</i> and <i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">pòmòrsczi jãzëk</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (but usually only </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">język kaszubski</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> in Polish). It used to be spoken farther west as well, namely in what is now northeastern Germany, along the Baltic Sea coast of Western Pomerania (German </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Vorpommern</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Low Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Vörpommern</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Kashubian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Zôpadnô Pòmòrskô</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Polish </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Pomorze Przednie</i> or <i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Przedpomorze</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">) and apparently farther west in what is now known as Mecklenburg in German (Low Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Mäkelborg</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Kashubian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Meklenbùrska</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Polish </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Meklemburgia</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, from Old Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Mikilinburg</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> "LGreat Fortress").</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The interesting thing about Pomeranian Slavic is its longstanding relationship and mutual exchange with the Saxon language on various levels (and later relationship with German on a more official level). Many or most Kashubians were bilingual in Kashubian and Low Saxon, and many knew Polish and German as well. At the western end of the language range, Low Saxon gradually took over until the Western Pomeranian varieties became extinct. The remainder in Poland, namely Kashubian, has been classified as "severely endangered."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I know that some Ph.D. work has been done about linguistic exchanges between Low Saxon and Kashubian. But I find it hard to come by it.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">