<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 22 February 2008 - Volume 02<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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=========================================================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Douglas Hinton</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:douglas.hinton@gmail.com">douglas.hinton@gmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Hagen" 2008-2-22<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Douglas Hinton (</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:douglas.hinton@gmail.com" target="_blank">douglas.hinton@gmail.com</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Can
someone give me the meaning of the german word "hagen"? It's used in
town or place names like Karlshagen. My wife thinks hagen is another
word for garden, where as a native german speaker, I asked, says it's a
land measurement. </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Anyone know it's meaning and perhaps it's source?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards, Douglas</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: Etymology</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hi, Douglas, and welcome among the talking Lowlanders!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I happen to know this one because my last name is derived from it, apparently being the contracted Saxon version (</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(de) Haan</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> in the Netherlands). In the north, intervocalic /g/ came to be fricative and often deleted later. You get this for instance in Low Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">slagen</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> > </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">slaan</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'to hit' (cognate of English 'to slay').</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The root of the word is *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ha(a)g</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, which I translate as 'grove', 'copse' or simply 'hedge', any smaller cluster of trees and/or bushes. In early times this tended to connote "thorny" and "barrier" or "fence." </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hagôn > Hagen</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> > </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Haan</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> was an extension with a similar meaning, usually connoting a man-made barrier or fence and the land within it, often denoting 'secured grazing land', 'paddock'. (Similarly, Low Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tuun</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Tuun</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> ~ </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">toen</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">) 'fence' ~> 'garden', 'yard', cf. Dutch </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tuin</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, English "town," versus German </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Zaun</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'fence'.)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Words like "hedge," "hag," "hex," etc. are related to this group. Widows and never married women tended to be marginalized and live in the woods outside settlements, especially those that practiced pre-Christian religion and healing arts, hence the connection with "witch" and stories about witches in woods.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The English cognate of *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ha(a)g</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> is the now rarely used word "haw" that is still a part of "hawthorn."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old English: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">haga</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (additional meaning: 'settler', 'inhabitant')</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Frisian: *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">hâga</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Saxon: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">hag(</i><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ôn)</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Low Franconian: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">hag(an)<br></i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old German: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">hag(a(n))</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Norse: </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">hagi</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germanic: *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">haga-</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Indo-European:</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <font size="2">*</font></i><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><font size="1"><font size="2">kag<sup>h</sup>-</font></font></span></i><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="1"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> ~ </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><font size="1"><font size="2">kog<sup>h</sup>-</font></font></span></i><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="1"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">'woven branches (for a fence)'<br>
<br>Related to these is the verb-based group to which umlauted German <i>hegen</i> ('to keep (secure)' >) 'to foster', 'to nourish', and <i>Gehege</i> '(animal) enclosure' belong.<br><br>
Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br><br></span>