=======================================================================
<p>
L O W L A N D S - L * ISSN 189-5582 * LCSN 96-4226
<p>
http://www.lowlands-l.net * lowlands.list@gmail.com
<p>
Rules & Guidelines: http://www.lowlands-l.net/rules.php
<p>
Posting: lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org - lowlands.list@gmail.com
<p>
Commands ("signoff lowlands-l" etc.): listserv@listserv.net
<p>
Server Manual: http://www.lsoft.com/manuals/1.8c/userindex.html
<p>
Archives: http://listserv.linguistlist.org/archives/lowlands-l.html
<p>
Encoding: Unicode (UTF-8) [Please switch your view mode to it.]
<p>
Administration: lowlands.list@gmail.com or sassisch@yahoo.com
<p>
<p>
You have received this because you have been subscribed upon request.
To unsubscribe, please send the command "signoff lowlands-l" as message
text from the same account to listserv@listserv.linguistlist.org or
sign off at http://linguistlist.org/subscribing/sub-lowlands-l.html.
<p>
<p>
A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
S=Scots Sh=Shetlandic V=(West) Flemish Z=Zeelandic (Zeeuws)
<p>
=======================================================================
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">L O W L A N D S - L - 06 March 2008 - Volume 01</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Please set the encoding mode to Unicode (UTF-8).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">If viewing this in a web browser, please click on</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">the html toggle at the bottom of the archived page.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Henno Brandsma</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl">hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Phonology" 2008.03.06 (01) [E]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: <span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">orville crane</span> <span><<a href="mailto:manbythewater@hotmail.com" target="_blank">manbythewater@hotmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: kn/gn<br><br> Dear Marlou,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Yes, where do all these neat words come from that begin with the kn/gn?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Here are four in English, Dutch and Frisian;</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 1. to gnash, knarsen-nl, knarse-fry,</span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Assuming gnash is indeed a cognate: there is no -r and -sh suggests -sk as origin </div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(something like gnask; and indeed "gnaskje" exists in Frisian).</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">So I'd say knarsen and gnash are not directly related </div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d"><br><blockquote type="cite">2. to gnaw, knagen-nl, gnauwe-fry,</blockquote>
<div><br></div></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Dutch has "knauwen" as well, with totally different meaning from "knagen",</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
but maybe in English the predecessors of these words would have coincided in modern English?</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d"><br><blockquote type="cite">3. to knead, kneden-nl, knetsje-fry,</blockquote>
<div><br></div></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">These are indeed cognates, I think. Does it exist in German or Low Saxon?</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d">
<br><blockquote type="cite"><br> 4. knee, knie-nl, knibbel-fry.</blockquote><div><br></div></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">knibbel < kni+bola, so the first part in Frisian is the direct cognate.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d"><br><blockquote type="cite"> Then you have the word for 'grace' in German, Dutch and Frisian;<br> grace, die Gnade-de, de genade-nl, de genede-fry.<br>
The German is spelled 'gn-', but the Dutch and the Frisian are spelled 'gen-'.</blockquote><div><br></div></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">This is a false case, as the root is really "nade" with a prefix "ge-". This has been </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">contracted in German. </div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The Frisian probably got the prefix ge- under Dutch influence. The long e: is also typical.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d"><br><blockquote type="cite"> Going over to North West Germanic Faroese, you find 'gnagga' - to gnaw and 'knae' - knee.<br> The 'kn/gn' are not limited to the Low German and High German, but is also found in the Scandinavian Faroese.<br>
Tom Crane<br></blockquote></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">What about words like knecht/knight/knjocht/Knecht/kneg etc? Dutch has plenty of such words</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(knobbel, knabbelen etc. Frisian sometimes has gn- here instead of kn- like in gnabje (cognate? of knabbelen).)</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><div>Henno Brandsma</div>
<div><br></div></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
•
<p>
==============================END===================================
<p>
* Please submit postings to lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org.
<p>
* Postings will be displayed unedited in digest form.
<p>
* Please display only the relevant parts of quotes in your replies.
<p>
* Commands for automated functions (including "signoff lowlands-l")
<p>
are to be sent to listserv@listserv.linguistlist.org or at
<p>
http://linguistlist.org/subscribing/sub-lowlands-l.html.
<p>
*********************************************************************