<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L  - 17 March 2008 - Volume 04<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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=========================================================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Denis dujardin</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:dujardin@pandora.be">dujardin@pandora.be</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.03.17 (01) [E]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In our west-flemish dialect an "hulle" (pronounciation as the English
town with an "a" after it.) is used for a cover in a large sense ( -
cover of pan, of several kitchen objects -)</span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In dutch "verhullen" means to conceal, to cover up.</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
 <span style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><div>
<div><i>Denis Dujardin</i></div><div><i>Omgevingen</i></div><div><i><a href="mailto:dujardin@pandora.be" target="_blank">dujardin@pandora.be</a></i></div><div><i><a href="http://www.denisdujardin.be/" target="_blank">www.denisdujardin.be</a></i></div>
<div><i>Flanders-Belgium</i></div></div><div><br></div></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Jorge Potter</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:jorgepot@gmail.com">jorgepot@gmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.03.16 (01) [E]<br><br></span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="-1">Dear Luc Hellinckx and rest of Lowlanders,<br>
<br>First of all, thank you for analyzing your surname so completely.<br><br>Then thank you for providing the references in your e-mail from Sunday 16th:<br>
</font><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gmail_quote"><font size="-1"><br>
</font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><font size="-1">Giving this topic a somewhat more Lowlandish twist, here's a list of German words, having non-PIE-"cognates": <br>

<br><a href="http://home.arcor.de/urdeutsche/index11.htm" target="_blank">http://home.arcor.de/urdeutsche/index11.htm</a><br><br>And <span><span>:-D </span></span>,
to your utter delight, you will see that the same author, Marcelo
Jolkesky, even mentions a Hamburger-culture, 14000 years before Big Mac
was invented: <br>
<br><a href="http://home.arcor.de/urdeutsche/index8.htm" target="_blank">http://home.arcor.de/urdeutsche/index8.htm</a> </font><font size="-1"><br></font></blockquote>
<div><font size="-1"><br>Allow me to quote from the first:</font></div>

<div>
<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Ache, sf. „Wasserlauf</span></b><b><span>"</span></b><b><span lang="DE"> (8. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">a</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">e < </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">aha < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">as.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">aha < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*a</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">wo „Fluss</span>"<span lang="DE"> (> </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">awva „Fluss</span><span>"<span lang="DE">, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">evja „Sumpf</span><span>"<span lang="DE">) < </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*jak „Fluss, See, Eis</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ja</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">a, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*jok, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*joki „Fluss</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ja</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">ak, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*jaŋk, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*jak „See</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*sek, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*jek, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*juk „Eis</span><span>"<span lang="DE">) </span>→ </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urital.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*akwa „Wasser</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; auch </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*lak „See</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">.</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Amme, sf. (11. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ame < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ama < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ama „Mutter</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">awo, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ama „Großmutter</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ama „Mutter, Großmutter</span><span>"<span lang="DE"> < </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*oma (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ama, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*oma, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ema „Mutter</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*imi, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*mumo „Großmutter</span><span>"<span lang="DE">).</span></span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Anger, sm. „Wiese</span></b><b><span>"</span></b><b><span lang="DE"> (8. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">aŋger < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">aŋgar < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*aŋger „Feld</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">aŋgr) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*war < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ker „Belag, Boden, Feld, Steppe, Blatt</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ker,</span><span lang="DE"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*keri „Belag</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ir, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*kerkeð, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*koru „Boden</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*karað, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*karta, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*karta „Feld</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">ora, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*uri, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*aro „Steppe</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">ora, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ker, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*kor „Blatt</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ukar „Tal) </span><span>→ </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urbalt.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*skura, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urslaw.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*korda, „Belag</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*gir,</span><span lang="DE"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urtoch.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*terker, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgriech.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ge „Boden</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uranat.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*gimari „Steppe</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uranat.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">ari „Tal</span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uriran.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*bar, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urarm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*gawar, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgriech.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*koros „Ort</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">.</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Arsch, sm. (11. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ars < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ars < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">as.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ars < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*arsa (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ars) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*perse < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*wars „Arsch, Schwanz, Darm, Loch</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ar „Arsch</span></span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*iras, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*para „Schwanz</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ere, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">ur „Darm</span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*si, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*as, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*os „Loch</span><span>"<span lang="DE">) </span>→ </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ne.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">arse; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nschw.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">arsel; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nisl.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">rass; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urarm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*or, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgriech.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*oros „Arsch</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uriran.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*er, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgriech.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ura „Schwanz</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">.</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Ätti, sm. „Vater</span></b><b><span>"</span></b><b><span lang="DE"> (16. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ate < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ato < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ata (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ata, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ati) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*wata „Vater, Herr</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ata „Vater, Mann, Herr, Held</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ata, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ati, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ata „Vater</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*koðumu, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*atama, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*atem „Mann</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*sata, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*saŋtə </span><span>„</span><span lang="DE">Herr</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*mater, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ater „Held</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*iða „Onkel</span><span>"<span lang="DE">) </span>→ </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">Adel, edel; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urtoch.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*atel „Mann</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urkelt.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ajte „Pflegevater</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urbalt.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ded „Onkel</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">.</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Aue, sf. „Flußlandschaft, Flußinsel</span></b><b><span>"<span lang="DE"> (10. Jh.)</span></span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">owe < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">owa < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*awa „Fluss</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">awva, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">o) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pa „Fluss</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*po „Fluss, Eis, schwimmen</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pu „Fluss</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*poj, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*poj, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ja „Eis</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*palam, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pawl, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pilas „schwimmen</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; auch </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pə </span><span>„</span><span lang="DE">Wasser, „fließen</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">) </span><span>→</span><span> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">Au; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nschw.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">ö; auch </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*apə </span><span>„<span lang="DE">Fluss</span>"<span lang="DE"> (> </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urbalt.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ap; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uriran.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ab; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urtoch.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*ap; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uranat.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>χ<span lang="DE">apa; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urkelt.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*awoŋ).</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Baum, sm. (8. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bowm < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bowm < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">as.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bom < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*bawma (>. </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bagms, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">baðmr) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*paw „Baum, Holz, Grass</span><span>"<span lang="DE"> (> </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*paw, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pa, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*puw „Baum</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pugeŋ, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pane „Holz</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*um, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pum „Grass</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">) </span><span>→</span><span> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bäumen; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ne.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">beam; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urslaw.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pjewa; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgriech.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*poa.</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">Berg, sm. (8. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">berk < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">berg < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*birgaŋ (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bjargahej </span><span>„</span><span lang="DE">Gebirge</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">berg „Felsen</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*porki „Berg, Turm, Boden, Staub, hoch</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pakir, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ara „Berg</span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ar, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*kopariko „Turm</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*porku, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pera „Boden</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*palkas, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*porke, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*purka „Staub</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pirki, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*korki „hoch</span><span>"<span lang="DE">) </span>→ </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">Burg, Gebirge; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ne.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">barrow; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nschw.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">berg; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nisl.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">berg; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*werke „Boden, hoch</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*birgaŋ, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uriran.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*bers „Berg</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urkelt.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*perkra</span><span>χ </span><span>„</span><span lang="DE">Feld</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urital.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*worja „Staub</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urarm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*partak, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uralb.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*perkra</span><span>χ </span><span>„</span><span lang="DE">decken</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">.</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">bergen, v. (8. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bergeŋ < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bergaŋ < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*berge (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bajrgaŋ, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bjarga) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*porkə </span><span>„</span><span lang="DE">verstecken, Staub, Berg, Boden, Wurzel</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*bor, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pelk „verstecken</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*palkas, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*porke, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*purka „Staub</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pakir, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ara „Berg</span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*porku, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pera „Boden</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">urkoɲa, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*porkaŋ </span><span>„<span lang="DE">Wurzel</span>"<span lang="DE">) </span>→ </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">Bürge, Herberge, verbergen, verbürgen, beherbergen; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nschw.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bärga; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nisl.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bjarga; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*werke „Boden, hoch</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*birgaŋ, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uriran.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*bers „Berg</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urital.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*worja „Staub</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urarm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*partak, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">uralb.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*perkra</span><span>χ </span><span>„</span><span lang="DE">decken</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">.</span><span lang="DE"></span></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1"><b><span lang="DE">binden, v. (8. Jh.)</span></b><span lang="DE">, < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">mhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">biŋdeŋ < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ahd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">biŋtaŋ < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">as.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">biŋdaŋ < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urgerm.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*beŋda (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">got.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">biŋdaŋ, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">anord.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">biŋda) < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urindoeur.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pat „Binde, binden, stechen, verstecken, verbreiten, schlagen</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> < </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urural.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pet „Binde, binden, stechen, verstecken, halten, nehmen, Stock</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE"> (> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ot, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*piŋt „Binde</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pit, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*peða „binden</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*peð, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*paŋt „stechen</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*poð, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pota, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*peŋta „verstecken</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*wete, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*pita „halten</span><span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ursam.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*potja,</span><span lang="DE"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*wete, </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ot „nehmen</span>"<span lang="DE">; </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urugr.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*</span><span>β<span lang="DE">ot, </span></span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">urfinn.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">*poðo „Stock</span><span>"</span><span lang="DE">) </span><span>→</span><span> </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nhd.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">Band,
Bendel, Bund, Bündel, Verband, Bote, Bütte, Büttel, Gebiet, Beitel,
Beutel, anbandeln, bitten, beten, bieten, beißen, bündeln, bitter; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">ne.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">bind, bid, bite, beat, butt, bootle, pot, put, bandage; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nschw.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">binda, bedja, bita, bytta, butelj, band, bandage; </span><i><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;" lang="DE">nisl.</span></i><span lang="DE"> </span><span lang="DE">binda, bidja, bíta, band, bandasje.</span> </font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1">It is incredibly difficult to accept that <i>Opa, Oma, Arsch, Baum, Berg, binden</i>
etc.are not Indoeuropean, but here Marcelo Jolkesky seems to have
proved it. This is another chunk in the structure for the case that all
languages in the world, except for the clicking language of the
Kalahari Desert, come from a common source. And that would be the
language of the first Homo sapiens to come out of Africa.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1">Then from the second link we have five maps of ethnic <i>Kulturen</i>
from 12,000 BC and two maps, presumably of languages to 1000 BC. But it
would be hard to pinpoint what stage of whatever language.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1">Thanks again,</font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6pt; text-indent: 22.7pt; line-height: 15pt;"><font size="-1">Jorge Potter</font></p>----------<br></div></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">




<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: Etymology<br><br>I'm not quite sure all this was meant to be serious.<br><br>What's up with all those engs (ŋ), anyhow? Is it a decoding problem?<br>
<br>Where did he get the Indo-European data? For instance, where I come from Indo-European for 'bind' is *<i>bhindh-</i> (cf. Sanskrit भन्ध- <i>bhandh-</i> and भिन्ध- <i>bhindh</i>).<br><br>None of this is to say that I'm not open to proposals of IE-Uralic contacts and even family relations.<br>
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><br><br></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">