<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 28 March 2008 - Volume 01<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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=========================================================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Luc Hellinckx</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology"<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Beste Ron,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
You wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2">I wonder if this is related to German <i>schnüffel-</i> (<i>schnüffeln</i>)
'to sniffle', 'to snuffle', 'to sniff', 'to nuzzle', 'to snoop'. Of
course, this contains the frequentative or iterative suffix <i>-l-</i>.
And then there is German <i>schnupper-</i> (<i>schnuppern</i>) 'to
sniff', this one with frequentative <i>-r-</i>. I suspect this of
being a Low Saxon loan, would expect it to be *</font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><i>schnüffer-</i>
otherwise. What do you think about this?<br>
</font></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Also related: German "schnappen" (and Schnaps), English "to snap"
(ablaut).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
De Vries:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Snoepen</b><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">: ww. eerst in de 17de eeuw, misschien < nnd. snōpen,
vgl. oostfr. snōpen 'snoepen', on. snōpa 'werkeloos afwachten', nzw.
dial. snopa 'snoepen'; behoort dus tot de groep van snappen, vgl. nog
vla. snoeperen en snaperen 'snoepen'. --> amerik-eng. snoop 'in het
geheim eten, rondsluipen' (vgl. J. E. Neumann JEGPh 44, 1945, 275).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Compare Flemish "sneukelen" (= snoepen (D)) ~ "snakken".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Brabantish has "smuister" for candy and "smuisteren" for eating sweets.
Related to German "Schmaus" and "Schmutz".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Kind greetings,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Luc Hellinckx</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Maria Elsie Zinsser</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:ezinsser@icon.co.za">ezinsser@icon.co.za</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.03.27 (04) [E]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hi all,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ron, and in Afrikaans we use snoep as in snoepie/s (E. tuck shop or tuck shop food), snoeperig (E. fussy eater or snobby eater).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Dutch origin or LS loan?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A. snuffel means to investigate (snuffelhond/snuffelgids) or to pry. </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">[I thought the German for E. sniffing was schnupfen.] </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Elsie </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" face="Arial" size="2">I "discovered" another Dutch loanword in
American English: "to snoop" in the sense of 'consume dainties in a
clandestine manner' (OED). The word first appeared in print in the
early 19th century.<br><br>The origin appears to be Dutch <i>snoep-</i> ([snu:p-], <i>snoepen</i>). The Low Saxon cognate is <i>snoup-</i> ([snOUp-],<i> snoupen</i> (<i>snopen</i>)).
(The vowel shift equivalents are consistent.) Both have the same
meaning, although the "clandestine" part no longer needs to be there in
the latter, often just meaning 'to snack on treats' (or 'to graze' in
the sense of having snacks). This has been taken over into Hamburg
Missingsch as <i>snopen</i> or <i>schnopen</i> with the same meaning. The Standard German equivalent is <i>naschen</i>.<br><br>What
is interesting is that "to snoop" acquired the further meaning 'to pry
into matters one need not be concerned with'. The "clandestine" part
appears to play a role here, and perhaps there is the idea of "to pick
up bits and pieces of other people's affairs in a clandestine manner'.<br><br>I wonder if this is related to German <i>schnüffel-</i> (<i>schnüffeln</i>)
'to sniffle', 'to snuffle', 'to sniff', 'to nuzzle', 'to snoop'. Of
course, this contains the frequentative or iterative suffix <i>-l-</i>. And then there is German <i>schnupper-</i> (<i>schnuppern</i>) 'to sniff', this one with frequentative <i>-r-</i>. I suspect this of being a Low Saxon loan, would expect it to be *</font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><i>schnüffer-</i> otherwise. What do you think about this?</font></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><br>
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Utz H. Woltmann</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:uwoltmann@gmx.de">uwoltmann@gmx.de</a>></span><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.03.27 (01) [E]<br><br></span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d">Jonny Meibohm wrote:<br>
<br>
> do you still remember our discussion about the use of *_Black_* in LS<br>
> for a 'black horse'?<br>
><br>
> You already sent me a very disturbing because technical "jargonized"<br>
> proof.<br>
> Today I happened to find another one: on the peninsula of Fehmarn<br>
> (Germany, Baltic Sea) it had been or still is in use, so it might be<br>
> spread over the Eastern part of Schleswig-Holstein(Ostholstein), too.<br>
><br>
> I still wonder if it's of LS origin or a loan.<br>
<br>
</div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Moin Jonny,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Sure, I do remember. Thank you very much for this information.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
I noticed that term some years ago, maybe in the Eastern part of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Schleswig-Holstein. At that time I had contact with a breeder of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Haflingers.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/haflinger/" target="_blank">http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/haflinger/</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Other contacts were with breeders and owners of Friesians (near</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Buxtehude) and Arabians (Lunenburg Heath).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/friesian/" target="_blank">http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/friesian/</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/arabian/" target="_blank">http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/arabian/</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
But I had only very few contacts with owners of Quarter Horses or Paint</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Horses. So I was astonished at not finding any postings at Google for</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
'Black' in Low Saxon language, but in German only for these horse, for</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
example in Wikipedia:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Die AQHA kennt 17 verschiedene Fellfarben (übersetzt aus: Reference</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Chart Color & Markings der AQHA):</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
1. Sorrel (Fuchs): Rötliches oder Kupferrotes Fell. Mähne und Schweif</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
sind normalerweise in derselben Farbe, können aber auch flachsblond</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
sein. Aalstriche sind möglich.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
2. Black (Rappe): Schwarzes Fell ohne helle Stellen, sowie schwarze</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Mähne und Schweif...."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Quarter_Horse" target="_blank">http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Quarter_Horse</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
For these horses the term 'Black' is definitely a loan. For other horses</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
I don´t know.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Best regards</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">Utz H. Woltmann</font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><br>
----------<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Roland Desnerck</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:desnerck.roland@skynet.be">desnerck.roland@skynet.be</a>></span><span class="lDACoc"></span><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.03.27 (04) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><br>
</span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Beste Ron,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Het Nederlands kent inderdaad "snoepen" en ook
"snuffelen".</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Een snoepje is een kleine lekkernij. </font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">In iemands zaken snuffelen
(scharrelen).</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">In Oostende kennen we: snoepern, sneukeln, smoefeln
...</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Snoeplust is bij ons: snoepergoeste.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Hij die graag snoept is "e smoefeloare" of "e
snoeperoare".</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Ik vermoed dat snuffelen een freq. is (en
terzelfdertijd een intensief) van snuiven (rieken, ruiken).</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Men gebruikt "snuffelen" immers heel vaak voor
honden die geuren opsnuiven!</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Op te snuiven tabak is snuif, bij ons
"snuuf".</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Als men iemand wandelen zend, kan men onvriendelijk
zeggen: "Gon snuuf et!" (ga het snuiven).</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Toetnoasteki!</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Roland Desnerck<br><br>----------<br><br></font>From: <span class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">jonny</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:jonny.meibohm@arcor.de">jonny.meibohm@arcor.de</a>></span></span><span class="HcCDpe"><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><span class="HcCDpe"><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><br>
Subject: <span class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.03.27 (04) [E]<br><br></span><div><span>Beste
Ron,</span></div><div class="Ih2E3d">
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span>you
wrote:</span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><font size="2"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>The origin appears to be Dutch
<i>snoep-</i> ([snu:p-], <i>snoepen</i>). The Low Saxon cognate is <i>snoup-</i>
([snOUp-],<i> snoupen</i> (<i>snopen</i>)). (The vowel shift equivalents
are </font></font></div>
<div><font><font size="2"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>consistent.) Both have the same meaning,
although the "clandestine" part no longer needs to be there in the latter, often
just meaning 'to snack on treats' (or
'to </font></font></font></div>
<div><font><font><font size="2"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>graze' in the sense of having snacks). This
has been taken over into Hamburg Missingsch as <i>snopen</i> or <i>schnopen</i>
with the same meaning. The Standard
German </font></font></font></font></div>
<div><font><font><font size="2"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>equivalent is
<i>naschen</i>.</font></font></font></font></div>
<div> </div>
</div><div><span>I havn't heard LS
<i>snopen</i> in our region before. But I know _schnobern_ in G., in
our time a very rarely appearing word which is used in a related
sense.</span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><a href="http://www.koelnlexikon.mynetcologne.de/kds.html" target="_blank">http://www.koelnlexikon.mynetcologne.de/kds.html</a></div>
<div><span>says: "schnubbere,
<b>schnobern</b> - beriechen, <b>stöbern</b>"; and GRIMM
quotes Goethe: "an der schwelle was schnoberst du hier?". </span></div>
<div><span>And so- here we
are:</span></div><div class="Ih2E3d">
<div><span><font color="#008080" size="2">>
'to pry into matters one need not be concerned with'</font></span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
</div><div class="Ih2E3d"><div><font size="2"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>I wonder if this is related to German
<i>schnüffel-</i> (<i>schnüffeln</i>) 'to sniffle', 'to snuffle', 'to sniff',
'to nuzzle', 'to snoop'. Of course, this contains the frequentative or
iterative </font></font></div>
<div><font><font size="2"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>suffix <i>-l-</i>. And then there is German
<i>schnupper-</i> (<i>schnuppern</i>) 'to sniff', this one with frequentative
<i>-r-</i>. I suspect this of being a Low Saxon loan, would expect it to
be </font></font></font></div>
<div><font><font size="2"><font color="#008080"><span>> </span>*<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>schnüffer-</i>
otherwise.</font></font></font></font></div>
</div><div><span>You might see
that you're on the right path- like mostly ;-)!</span></div>
<div> </div>
<div align="left">Allerbest!</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
Jonny Meibohm<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(200, 137, 0);">Mark Dreyer</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:mrdreyer@lantic.net">mrdreyer@lantic.net</a>></span><span class="lDACoc"></span><span class="lDACoc"></span><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.03.27 (04) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2">Dear Ron:</font></div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2">
<div><br>Subject: LL-L: Words<br><br>You "discovered" another Dutch loanword in
American English: "to snoop" in the sense of 'consume dainties in a clandestine
manner' (OED). The word first appeared in print in the early 19th century.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Y'know, I once heard an ethnic German motivate an act of common
courtesy on my brother's part to a visiting & fellow German. To a
quizzically raised eyebrow he responded, "Joh, zie zind nicht 'schnoep', diezer
Bauern." Pardon my phonetic spelling. Anyhow, it was clear they understood each
other, & I assumed I understood them, since we use the word 'snoep'
ourselves, in one sense to refer to the opposite of generous, & in the other
to 'scoff', as you say in English. Understandably I didn't persue the
linguistic issues, & I was not aware of their ethnic
affiliations. <br><br>You refer to the Standard German
equivalent '<i>naschen'</i>. You must also be aware of the English 'to
nosh' & 'noshing' with a similar application to 'scoff' & with the same
connotations of pleasure, but nothing illicit or secretive to
it.<br></div></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2">Nice
string.</font></div>
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<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2">Regards,<br></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2">Mark<br></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: Etymology<br><br>Thanks, everyone, for the interesting, thought-provoking contributions to this thread.<br><br>In the meantime (as snow is falling in front of my window in the end of March!), I keep wrestling with the original meaning of the two lexical suffixes </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-l-</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> and </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-r-</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">. I keep looking for verbs that form minimal pairs.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Here's an English pair that may exemplify their original meaning:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">root: *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tink </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(supposedly onomatopoetic - the sound of something small hitting metal or another type of hard surface)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tinkle</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'to urinate'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tinker</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'to hammer on metal/tin' > 'to do a tinsmith's work' > 'to busy oneself with handicraft projects'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">For now, I consider the first (-l-) "iterative," namely as describing "small actions" in quick succession (here drops hitting a bowl). Another example is "sparkle," i.e. "to spark in quick succession." I am tempted to assume that there is an ancient connection with </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-l</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> as a diminutive marker of nouns.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I am not sure about the second (-r-) but am calling it "frequentive" or "continuative" for now, as indicating a succession of not necessarily "small" actions, even though examples like "flicker," "flutter" and "glitter" may suggest "small" actions. I tend toward using "frequentive," which connotes "regular" and "habitual," and I wonder if this </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-r-</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> is related to the ("regular") agent noun marker (<i>-ar</i> >) </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-r </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(e.g. "bake" > "baker", "mill" > "miller").<br>
<br>All of the above seem to be very ancient and have equivalents beyond the Germanic branch of Indo-European.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I would be interested in your takes on this and also in further minimal pairs.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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