<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 06 April 2008 - Volume 03<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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=========================================================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Henno Brandsma</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl">hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.04.05 (04) [E]<br><br></span><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: Ingmar Roerdinkholder <<a href="mailto:ingmar.roerdinkholder@WORLDONLINE.NL" target="_blank">ingmar.roerdinkholder@WORLDONLINE.NL</a>><br>Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2008.04.05 (03) [D/E]<br><br> In Dutch, we have "lak" = lacquer, varnish (Dutch has "vernis", too),<br>
but not the second meaning. But might the second "lack" have anything to<br> do with Dutch "lek" = E. leak, and/or German "Loch" = hole. Leaks and<br> holes are a kind of omissions and defects as wel, aren't they?<br>
<br> Ingmar<br><br> Reindert schreef:<br><br> There are two Low Saxon nouns* lak* (*Lack*):<br><br> 1. lacquer, varnish</div> <div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
This is Westerlauwer Frisian "lak" as well. Probably from French, originally?</div><blockquote style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">2. lack, omission, fault, defect, blemish</blockquote>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In
WF this is "lek", as in "lekken en brekken", 'defects'. Probably
related to Dutch "laken", "laakbaar", as was pointed out by others.</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The
-a- in open syllable was lowered to -e- as Ingwaeonic varieties are
wont to do. Then -e- in WF is not lengthened in open syllable,</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">contrary to Dutch (laken has a long vowel). Cf. "lekken" = Dutch noun "laken" (bed sheet), "brekke" = Dutch breken, etc.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The verb "laken" (Dutch) has a correspondence in WF "lekje".</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><blockquote style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br> Subject: Etymology<br><br>Thanks, Ingmar.<br><br>English "lack" first appeared written at the end of the 12th century (<i>lac</i>), during the transition from Old English to Middle English. Some people believe it to be an Early Middle Dutch loan, namely <i>lak</i> 'deficiency', 'fault' (!!!). However, others believe it goes back directly to Proto-Germanic *<i>laka-</i> 'to lack' (> Old Norse <i>lakr</i> 'fault').<br>
<br><i>Lok</i> (cf. German <i>Loch</i>, etc.) 'hole' is related to English "lock". Gothic has <i>usluks</i> 'opening', Old German <i>loh</i> 'dungeon', Swedish <i>lock</i>
'locking device', 'lid', etc. So there's a semantic relationship
between the noun "opening" (also in English "lock" = "sluice") and the
act of securing, locking (cf. Old German <i>lūhhan</i> 'to lock'). It is also related to German <i>Luke</i> 'hatch' and <i>Lücke</i> 'gap'. And then it's related to English "lock (of hair)" and its relatives (e.g. Dutch <i>lok</i>, LS <i>lok/Lock</i>, German <i>Locke</i> 'curl'). All this goes back to Indo-European *<i>leug-</i> 'to bend', 'to turn', thus is related also to Lithuanian <i>lùgnas</i> 'bendable', 'flexible', and Latin <i>luxus</i> 'bent thing', 'twisted behavior', 'excess'. So the original semantic focus seems to have been on "locking," such as "lid." </blockquote>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Older Frisian had "lok" for "hole" as well. This is with a open [O]. (19th century form).</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
With more closed [o] we have lok = "luck". lokke ([lOk@]) is a lock of hair as well. <br></div><blockquote style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">I consider it unlikely, albeit not impossible, that the following words are related to the above: Gaelic <i>loch</i> (inlet, gorge, lake) and Romance *<i>lak-</i> (<i>lacus</i>, <i>lago</i>, etc.) 'lake', Latin <i>lacuna</i> 'hole', 'pit' (> Spanish <i>laguna</i> > English "lagoon"), etc., all going back to Indo-European *<i>lak-</i> 'basin' > Old Norse <i>lögr</i> 'flood water', Old English <i>lacu</i> 'stream', <i>lagu</i> 'flood', <i>leccan</i> 'to moisten', related to "leak" as well as Dutch <i>lek</i>, LS <i>lek</i> (<i>Leck</i> > German <i>Leck</i>), etc., and these are probably related to the "lick" group.<br>
<br>If there is a connection with the "lack" group seems to be uncertain. It doesn't seem impossible to me.<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br></div><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><div>Henno</div></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">