<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 19 April 2008 - Volume 01<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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=========================================================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);"><a href="mailto:KarlRein@aol.com">KarlRein@aol.com</a></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Language learning" 2008.04.18 (02) [E]<br><br></span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#000000" face="Arial Unicode MS" size="3"><div>
I am mystified at Mr. Potter's comment. "Entre tĂș y yo" is used
<em>wherever </em>Spanish is spoken, and has been for generations.
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Karl Reinhardt</div></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Sandy Fleming</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:sandy@scotstext.org">sandy@scotstext.org</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Language learning" 2008.04.16 (04) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">> From: </span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2008.04.16 (02) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> I agree with Paul! As the large majority of British English speakers</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> have not had their language consistently or clearly or</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> fundamentally explained to them i.e. they have not been taught to</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> examine it at school / college, their understanding and use is based</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> primarily on what they have heard, with a smattering of old grammar</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> chestnuts which still seem to be half taught/ absorbed and half</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> understood</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
You English can speak for yourselves!! In Scottish schools English is a</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
big subject and grammar is systematically taught.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
The results are all too evident to someone like me who works in England.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Whenever an argument about how to write something comes up in the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
office, it's me they get to explain it properly!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Something that amused me a few years ago was a person in work who had</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
been asked to write some guidelines for writing amendment records for</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
software modules that had been changed. He had written a rule that</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
everything should be written in the passive voice, which I ignored</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
because I don't see in what sense I change code passively.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
So I was writing things like:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"I've deleted the MS Word code as it does nothing useful."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
and I noticed that he was writing the "passive voice" like this:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Deleted the MS Excel code to prevent abuse."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
When the shit hit the fan I declared loudly that the English don't</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
understand their own language (nobody disagrees but it starts a merry</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
conversation between the two Welshmen), I pointed out that dropping the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
pronoun, though correct in _some_ languages, doesn't give you the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
passing voice, and that he should have written:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"The MS Excel code was deleted to prevent abuse."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
but I point out the loss of information and that I'm not ashamed to</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
admit that it was me doing all that.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
So he suggested:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"The MS Excel code was deleted by me to..."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
and then started to have second thoughts!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
The upshot was that I wrote an article on the company wiki explaining</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
the passive voice and now everybody's afraid to use it :)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Even more of a GRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR is the inability to use 'less/fewer'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> correctly. 'Fewer' appears to be on the way out, as more and more</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> journalists / media presenters are happy to use 'less' for both</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> singular and plural. So instead of 'Less cake, fewer slices' they say</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> 'less cake, less slices'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
I think this aspect of prescriptivism is based on the idea that a usage</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
that provides finer distinctions is naturally superior and that the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
other is blurring these fine distinctions.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
But then again, languages do and don't make distinctions more or less at</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
random (is French cousin/cousine inherently superior to the English</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
term, and if so, what should we do about it?). I think in the case of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
less/fewer, this is just dialect change and doesn't make any difference</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
to communicative power. It doesn't have the confusion potential of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
genuine errors such as "She used a very affective method of persuasion."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Some people can be terribly sensitive about their own language and are</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> often unjustifiably critical about their own standards. They feel</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> acutely that they MUST produce "grammatically correct English" if they</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> are not to be judged negatively. Unfortunately this can often</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> lead them into misapplying half understood grammar in the belief that</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> using it adds cachet and correctness to their language - in fact quite</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> the reverse! The paramount example here is 'whom', which some people</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> add - at random it sometimes seems - to their speech and writing -</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> usually quite in the wrong place! "I wrote to the man, whom replied</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> to me immediately" ??????????????!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Well, this is simply overcorrection and there's a lot of it about. Not</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
only is it widespread in many forms but I'm fairly sure it can</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
occasionally bring about language change. So in future we might be</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
saying "Dr Whom and the Daleks". The pain will eventually go away!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
But wait - shouldn't it be Dr Whom? :)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> I have fought the school of thought for the last 40 years that says</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> no-one speaks their mother tongue incorrectly: they all speak their</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> own language perfectly. This has led to teachers not daring to either</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> correct incorrect grammar or explain why it is incorrect and what</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> should be said.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Bought/brought are common examples of errors that when explained -</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> even to adults - gets the reply: "Well I never! BRing / BRought</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Buy / Bought it's quite simple when it's explained like that!" and</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> from then on they get it right!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
No, from then on, they get it wrong! Because if it's thought/think, it</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
should be bought/bink and brought/brink. Or else thought/thuy :)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
More seriously, as a Scots speaker I might criticise the sorry pass the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
English have come to in losing the /x/ from bought, brought and thought.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
But it's just language change, and we know that's not always regular.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
When you consider the sort of changes happening in English English these</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
days, I think you have to consider the possibility that in future</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
everyone in England will be speaking like "Fred will be free in free</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
mumphs time," and I suppose you'll be going, "It's THREAD, not FRED...</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
GRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR!</span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" id="1ekt" class="ArwC7c ckChnd">!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :)<br>
<br>
Sandy Fleming<br>
<a href="http://scotstext.org/" target="_blank">http://scotstext.org/</a><br>
<br>
> From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
> Subject: Language learning<br>
><br>
> Hi, Heather!<br>
><br>
> GRRRRRRR ... indeed! Never mind giving "sermons"! It's good for the<br>
> "soul." Here comes the baritone part of the chorus.<br>
><br>
> Your observations tally with mine, also what you said about "it's<br>
> quite simple when it's explained like that!" I hear this phrase a lot.<br>
><br>
> I suspect that decades, even centuries, of atrocious language teaching<br>
> methods have been culturally internalized. People have an idea of<br>
> language learning as involving a vast, amorphous mass of unconnected<br>
> pieces of information and rules. It tends to make them shy away from<br>
> anything like that, and it gets even worse when "foreign" is involved,<br>
> "weird" sounds, scripts, etc. Although teaching methods have been<br>
> vastly improved in many quarters, most people are not over the fears<br>
> of the past. It did not help that in the 1960s and 1970s educators<br>
> decided to "revolutionize" teaching by throwing out anything<br>
> systematic and theoretical ("rote learning") and emphasizing "fun" to<br>
> a degree that classes were turned into sideshow entertainment. What<br>
> most people have not caught on to in the meantime is that learning of<br>
> systems and enjoyment are not incompatible with each other, that<br>
> learning of systems is so much more efficient than amassing snippets<br>
> of information in a haphazard fashion. Alas, "grammar" is still a bit<br>
> of a dirty word.<br>
><br>
> And there is the factor of fear and insufficient confidence<br>
> conflicting with a need for status and economic betterment. Oftentimes<br>
> the very self-conscious end up overcompensating or simply winging it<br>
> the best they can, often faking the sound of good education. Sometimes<br>
> I can see how they suffer, and my heart goes out to them. Things could<br>
> be so much less stressful if only ...<br>
><br>
> I see a very similar situation in computer skills learning, and<br>
> especially in anything approaching computer programming (which<br>
> involves a type of language proficiency also). Confident and<br>
> experienced people try to get the large picture first, acquire key<br>
> rules and then have a relatively easy time figuring out the system and<br>
> thus the details. Timid people try to learn details first, and most of<br>
> them drown in the flood of them, perhaps never to get to a point at<br>
> which they can see the large picture.<br>
><br>
> So that was my sermon.<br>
><br>
> Regards,<br>
> Reinhard/Ron</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">