<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 03 May 2008 - Volume 03<br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">
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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Luc Hellinckx</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Lexicon"<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Beste Ron,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
You wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">For
speakers of German and Low Saxon that have a foundation in English it
is surprising to find certain Scots words that seem quite "Continental".<br>
<br>
One example I can come up with right now is <i>owerset</i> for
"translate." Cf. German <i>übersetzen</i> (<i>übersetz-</i>),
(Germany) Low Saxon <i>œversetten </i>(<i>œverset-</i>, farwestern <i>vertaal-</i>),
Danish <i>oversætte</i> (<i>oversæt-</i>), Norwegian <i>oversette</i>
(<i>overset-</i>), and Swedish <i>översätta</i> (<i>översät-</i>), all<i>
</i>with the same meaning. (This seems to be a widespread figure of
speech, considering also Russian <i>переводить</i>, Ukrainian <i>перекладати</i>,
Croatian <i>prevoditi</i>, Hungarian <i>elszállít</i> and <i>átszállít</i>, etc.)<br>
<br>
Another example that I just stumbled across is Scots <i>yearhunner</i>
for "century." Cf. German <i>Jahrhundert</i>, (Germany) Low Saxon <i>Jahrhunnerd
</i>(farwestern <i>Eeu</i>), Danish <i>århundrede</i>, Norwegian <i>århundre</i>,
and Swedish <i>århundrade</i>, all with the same meaning.<br>
<br>
My basic question: Is there any historical justification, or have these
perhaps been made up, perhaps on the basis of other Germanic languages?<br>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">What about "to haul"? (~ Dutch "halen", German "holen")</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Haul down the flag" ~ neerhalen (D)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Bruins fans haul in the prizes" ~ (b)in(nen) halen (D)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"It's time to haul out the snow boots" ~ uithalen (D)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Naomi Campbell hauled off on someone again" ~ uithalen (D)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Deep-Sea Explorers haul up $500 Million treasure" ~ ophalen (D)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"The Derby winner overhauled the rest of the field with remarkable
ease" ~ inhalen (D), overtake (E)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"Halen" is a word that is frequently used and has a very general
meaning in Dutch (and in German), "to haul" on the other hand is much
more specific, and yet these combinations of "haul + preposition" have
exactly the same meaning both in (American) English and Dutch. Maybe in
Scots too?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Kind greetings,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">
<br>
Luc Hellinckx<br>
</font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
PS: Any word for "to translate" and "a century" would have been
considered a "boekenwoord" by my (grand)parents. Could "owerset" and
"yearhunner" be creations of a "Spracharchitekt"?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Sandy Fleming</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:sandy@scotstext.org">sandy@scotstext.org</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Lexicon" 2008.05.02 (11) [E]<br><br></span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d">> From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
> Subject: Lexicon<br>
<br>
</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d">> My basic question: Is there any historical justification, or have<br>
> these perhaps been made up, perhaps on the basis of other Germanic<br>
> languages?<br>
><br>
> According to The Dictionary of The Scots Language, owerset can be<br>
> traced back to the 18th century, at which time it used to mean 'to<br>
> turn over' or 'to upset', as in He died in nae choleric pet, Nor was<br>
> his stomach owerset. The earliest recorded occurrences of owerset in<br>
> the sense of 'translate' are in 1994.<br>
><br>
> The same dictionary does not list yearhunner at all.<br>
><br>
> How do our Scots speakers and their cohorts feel about these?<br>
<br>
</div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">These are what you might call inkhorn terms (terms made up</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
self-consciously by writers), or perhaps AngloSaxonics (terms made up to</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
avoid using Latin-sounding words).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Many of the writers who use these words do so only because they've</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
little feel for the spirit of the language. "Owerset" does mean "to turn</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
over" or "knock over", but the writers who borrowed the term to mean</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"translate" were presumably ignorant of this.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
In Scots, there's more use of phraseology to express things as opposed</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
to Romance borrowings, so this is more in the spirit of the language:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"I've translated that fae the German."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"I've pittin it ower fae the German."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"I pit it intae English fae the German."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
As for "century", the natural way to say it in Scots (other than</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
"century") is "a hunder year".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Of course there's a long tradition of borrowing or making up words in</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Scots and English for purposes of written expression. Shakespeare</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
introduced hundreds of new words into English, Spenser used many made-up</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
words which never caught on, Gavin Douglas admitted to doing the same as</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
a matter of principle for Scots.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
You can do it with style and panache, or you can be a bit pathetic about</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
it. Shakespeare doesn't draw attention to his neologisms so they tend to</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
pass into the language unnoticed. Spenser's inkhorniness (well, I think</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
this neologism of mine really applies to him!) is more obvious and</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
people shy away from it.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Gavin Douglas talks of Scots being impoverished compared to the English,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Latin and so on that he borrows from. But it depends what you mean. I</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
think he's like the modern yearhunnerers who think that because a</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
language uses a phrase rather than a word for something, or that the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
word is also used in the power language, then the word doesn't exist in</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Scots and therefore has to be made up.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
In modern days I think these words are symptomatic of writers who lack</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
confidence in the language and aren't sure of being able to compose</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
idiom like "pitten ower" without getting it wrong.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
This isn't to say that better writers don't sneak stuff past us: if it's</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
done in the true spirit of the language, readers may not even notice. Or</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
if it's really useful (as "owerset" and "yearhunner" aren't) then they</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
may be accepted.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888"><br>
Sandy Fleming<br>
<a href="http://scotstext.org/" target="_blank">http://scotstext.org/</a></font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><br></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">