<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 22 May 2008 - Volume 07<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Theo Homan</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:theohoman@yahoo.com">theohoman@yahoo.com</a>></span><span class="lDACoc"></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Anthropology" 2008.05.23 (06) [E]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>
> From: R. F. Hahn <</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
> Subject: Anthropology</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">[...]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d">> When it comes to the erstwhile even more<br>
> multi-ethnic Iberian Peninsula,<br>
</div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">[...]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Hello,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Well, this is a topic strange to me.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
But if my memory is serving me: long, long ago paying</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
attention to this topic I thought to have found some</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
anthropological parallels between the Basques and the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
people of Zeeland [province in the southwest of the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Netherlands]. I forgot which peculiarities, but it</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
could have been to do with the skulls or so.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Some of our LL-confrères with more investigative</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
drifts [right now I have a third phase borreliosis and</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
I'm feeling pretty unheimlich; and also my memory and</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
orientation might be weak] might dig up something</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
about this topic.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Concerning the Basque whale-harpoonists:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
After 1800 the seawater in the 'Golf van Biscaye'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
[Golf van Biskaje Golfo de Vizcaya, Golfe de Gascogne,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Bizkaiko Golkoa] got warmer and the whales disappeared</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
there. And then we find Basque harpoonists [who got</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
unemployed] on dutch, icelandic and german whaling</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
ships.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://vr.gr/" target="_blank">vr.gr</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">Theo Homan<br>
</font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------<br><br>From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Luc Hellinckx</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>></span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Anthropology"</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>
Beste Ron,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
You wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">In
other words, my general non-scientific assumption is that today's
Basque speakers are to a large extent of non-Basque descent but some
"Basque features" survive among them, especially in previously more
isolated communities. This may also explain the reportedly short,
stocky stature of 16th- and 17th-century Basque whalers' skeletons
unearthed in Southern Labrador (<a href="http://www.wordplay.com/tourism/basque.html" target="_blank">http://www.wordplay.com/tourism/basque.html</a>).<br>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I already wrote Mark about this in private, but since you brought up
the subject yourself, I'll pass the information on to the rest of the
list as well.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
A group of pariahs, called the "Cagots" in French, used to live in
Southwestern France and also across the border in Spain (called "Agote"
there). Some think they were descendants of the Visigoths but this is
not sure at all. You can read about them here:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagot" target="_blank">http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagot</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://cgpa64.free.fr/cagots/index.php" target="_blank">http://cgpa64.free.fr/cagots/index.php</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
About their physiognomy:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://cgpa64.free.fr/cagots/13/1313.HTM" target="_blank">http://cgpa64.free.fr/cagots/13/1313.HTM</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" type="cite">Looking
at the case of Basque and at the cases of various other documented
peoples and languages of Iberia, I wish we had similar indications of
what people and languages there used to be in Northern Europe before
the arrival of the Indo-Europeans. All we find are bits of tools and
pottery as well as stone monuments and the widespread dolmens.<br>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Me too. Maybe this can partly be explained by the Ice Ages. People
sought refuge in caves in milder climates down South and some think
that Neanderthal man was then driven out of Central Europe, fleeing to
Iberia. Anyway, if you take those wonderful cave-paintings into
account, it becomes obvious that the North of Spain and the South of
France were culturally very productive and as such it's only logical
that more artifacts are found there. If art only flourishes when basic
needs are already met, this would suggest that the region must have
been particularly pleasant to live in at the time.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Kind greetings,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">
<br>
Luc Hellinckx</font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>From: R. F. Hahn <</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: Anthropology<br><br>Thank you very, very much, dear Luc! This is highly interesting news to me.<br><br>Well, yeah. I wasn't going to respond, but then Mike seemed to encourage me, and not privately either.<br>
<br>Congratulations, Theo, on linking the subject with the Lowlands! And <i>gaue beternis</i>!<br><br>Talking about Lowlands links with the Basque people ...<br></span><ol style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<li>There are numerous Basque associations in North America, Britain, Australia, the Netherlands and Germany. In the USA, the states with the highest concentrations of people of Basque descent are in California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Most of this has to do with agricultural opportunities for early immigrants. In Canada there are Basque communities mostly in Alberta, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador, also in the French territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.<br>
<br></li><li>Basques used to be commonly found among whaling crews based in various countries.<br> <br></li><li>The Kelly Family, a group of American European performers which is particularly popular in Germany, has been celebrated for its stirring rendition of the well-loved ceremonial Basque song <i>Agur Jaunak</i>. One of the "children," John Michael Kelly, is married to the Basque singer Maite Itoiz (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63ZcPA4n5fA">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63ZcPA4n5fA</a>). Another, Barbara Ann "Barby" Kelly, lives in partly Basque-speaking Belascoáin, Navarre/Naffaroa, Spain.<br>
A video recording of the performance of <i>Agur Jaunak</i> (made somewhere in Germany) can be found here: <b><a href="http://tinyurl.com/6hdmeg">http://tinyurl.com/6hdmeg</a></b> (Please bear in mind that most of the Basque homeland is mountainous, the traditional economy is based on herding, and choral music has a very strong tradition there, as for instance also in Alps regions and in Wales. This may in large part explain the similarity of sounds among these musical traditions.)<br>
</li></ol><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I brought you the lyrics and my translation of this lovely song several years ago. Here it is again, with a revised translation:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Agur, Jaunak!<br>Jaunak, agur!<br>Agur t'erdi.<br></i>Danak Jainkoak eiñak gire<i>,<br>Zuek eta bai gu ere!<br>
Agur, Jaunak! Agur!<br>Agur t'erdi,<br>Hemen gire ...<br>Agur, Jaunak!<br></i></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>IPA:<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
aˈguɾ xaʊˈnak<br>xaʊˈnak aˈguɾ<br>aˈguɾ tɛɾˈdi<br>ˈdanak xaɪnˈgoak eɪˈɲak giˈɾe<br>s̻uɛk eˈta baɪ gu eˈɾe<br>aˈguɾ xaʊˈnak aˈguɾ<br>aˈguɾ tɛɾˈdi<br>(h)ɛˈmɛn giˈɾe<br>aˈguɾ xaʊˈnak<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">SAMPA:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">a"gur\ xaU"nak<br>
xaU"nak a"gur\<br>a"gur\ tEr\"di<br>"danak xaIn"goak eI"nak gir"r\e<br>S\uEk e"ta baI gu e"r\e<br>a"gur\ xaU"nak a"gur\<br>a"gur\ tEr\"di<br>(h)E"mEn gir"r\e</div>
<div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">a"gur\ xaU"nak</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>"Literal" translation:<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Greetings, (ladies and) gentlemen! <br>(ladies and) gentlemen, greetings!<br>Greetings to you!<br>All of us are the Lord's creation,<br>You and we alike!<br>Greetings, folks! Greetings!<br>Greetings to you.<br>Here we are ...<br>
Greetings, (ladies and) gentlemen!<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">There are a few variants of this (e.g., </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">eiñak ~ </i><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">iñak ~ </i><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">eginak</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Danak Jainkoak</i><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> eiñak gire ~ </i><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Jaungoikoak eiñak gire</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>And today, in time for our US American Memorial Day weekend and our Northwest Folklife Festival here in Seattle (<a href="http://www.nwfolklife.org/">http://www.nwfolklife.org/</a>), my singable version:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>Hello, dear friends!<br>Dear friends, hello!<br>Greetings to you!<br>We are the Lord's creation all.<br>Both you and we answer his call.<br>Hello, dear friends, hello!<br>
Greetings to you!<br>Here we all are …<br>Greetings, dear friends!<br> <font size="1">©2008, R. F. Hahn</font><i><br></i></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I might post it with the sheet music and a midi file at our Gallery (<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/gallery/">http://lowlands-l.net/gallery/</a>).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Enjoy!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">