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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
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<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 27 June 2008 - Volume 01<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe"><span class="EP8xU" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Travis Bemann</span> <span class="lDACoc"><<a href="mailto:tabemann@gmail.com">tabemann@gmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="HcCDpe">LL-L "Language varieties" 2008.06.26 (03) [E]<br><br></span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d">
> From: Ingmar Roerdinkholder <<a href="mailto:ingmar.roerdinkholder@WORLDONLINE.NL">ingmar.roerdinkholder@WORLDONLINE.NL</a>><br>
> Subject: LL-L "Language varieties" 2008.06.23 (03) [E]<br>
><br>
> What is that something to be said for calling German etc. "South Germanic"<br>
> instead of West Germanic?<br>
><br>
> I can imagine a few things myself of course: the High German consonant<br>
> shift, dative and accusative pronouns (mir-mich), pronouns ending in -r<br>
> (er, wir, ihr), a part of lexicon, e.a.<br>
<br>
</div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I would fundamentally call these things conservatisms that happened to</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
survive in High German which were lost in the rest of West Germanic or</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
High German-specifc innovations postdating the definite separation of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
the primary branches of the Germanic languages. Take the merger of</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
accusative and dative pronoun forms. It is clear that such really does</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
not form a primary-branch type splitting of West Germanic, as Early</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Old English actually preserved distinct accusative and date pronouns;</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
rather such forms actually merged in Late Old English (albeit being</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
preserved in poetic uses). Hence the merger of accusative and dative</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
pronouns is likely more just a coincidental and or areal innovation</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
which High German just happened to not participate in until rather</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
late (as there are High German dialects which today have merged the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
accusative and dative pronouns).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d"><br>
> But what we should not forget is that present day German is much closer<br>
> related to Dutch and Low Saxon than English is. A Dutchman can understand<br>
> German without previous learning, so can a Low Saxon, but they don't have<br>
> a clue when an Englishman is speaking (or writing) without having learned<br>
> his language first.<br>
> It would rather be a division between Continental West Germanic, including<br>
> German, and Insular West Germanic, including English.<br>
<br>
</div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From a synchronic standpoint, I would have to strongly agree. The</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Anglic languages, while genetically being unequivocably West Germanic,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
have clearly taken a separate path from the rest of West Germanic (and</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
even the Frisian languages). The matter is that one could consider all</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
of continental West Germanic and even the Frisian languages to have</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
formed a Sprachbund in which Anglic was not really included. Hence the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Anglic languages have basically diverged from the rest of West</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Germanic while the Low German and High German languages stayed far</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
more cohesive as a group together.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d"><br>
> So I wonder whether we should stick to relations that existed maybe 1000<br>
> or more years ago to classify these languages, Reinhard.<br>
<br>
</div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The matter is that if one is to treat things from a purely genetic</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
standpoint things are still not so simple. The matter is that neither</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
the split between Anglo-Frisian and the rest of West Germanic nor the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
split between High German and the rest of West Germanic can be really</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
said to be the fundamental "root-level" split in West Germanic. For</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
starters, West Germanic already formed a dialect continuum even before</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
either split occurred in the first place. Secondarily, both splits</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
basically separated out sections of the existing West Germanic dialect</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
continuum (and not necessarily even in line with preexisting</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
isoglosses either), leaving the remainder, the Low German languages,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
as being basically paraphyletic. Of the Low German languages, their</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
common features are more a matter of shared conservatisms and later</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
shared areal features than really forming any kind of root-level</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
branch of West Germanic at the genetic level.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="Ih2E3d"><br>
> I agree that the Benrath Line is quite indistinct in the said area. The<br>
> question is what criteria to use in distinguishing Low Franconian varieties<br>
> from Ripuarian and other Central Franconian varieties. The labels "Dutch"<br>
> and "German" ought not enter this discussion in my opinion.<br>
<br>
</div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">This is one of many reasons to consider the split between High German</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
and the rest of West Germanic as being overlaid upon preexisting West</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Germanic dialect variation rather than as being a true root-node split</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
of West Germanic</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
•
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