<div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">=========================================================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 24 July 2008 - Volume 06<br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: Etymology</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Heather wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="margin-left: 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Robert referred to the derogatory word "coon".</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">I have often wondered whether this wasn't derived from the Welsh plural word for 'dogs' cwn It is the kind of expression a Welsh speaking 17th-18th century slave driver might use in a derogatory fashion... what do you think?</span><br>
</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">"Coon" in all contexts, including the derogatory one, is generally considered derived from "raccoon".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">"Raccoon" is derived from what is commonly referred to as "Virginia Algonquin," which I strongly suspect of being the now extinct Powhatan language, which was, loosely speaking, reconstructed for the movie "The New World."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The Powhatan word for racoon is </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ahrah-koon-em</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">By the way, here's a good example of danger of etymological research derailment. The Japanese word for the American "raccoon" is </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">araiguma</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">. This seems suspiciously close to Powhatan </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ahrah-koon-em</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">. It is only when you realize that </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">araiguma</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> is a made-up (<i>calque</i>) Japanese form and can be written with the Chinese characters 洗熊 that you realize that it is coincidence. It means literally the same as do names in other languages, such as Dutch <i>wasbeer</i>, German <i>Waschbär</i>, Danish <i>vaskebjørn</i>, Italian <i>orsetto lavatore</i>, Hungarian <i>mosómedve</i>, Chinese 浣熊 <i>huànxióng</i>, etc., all meaning "washing/rinsing bear". Interestingly, Powhatan </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ahrah-koon-em</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> means something like "one who rubs (things)".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">"Coon" coming from Welsh </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ci</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> < </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cŵn</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'dog'</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">is most likely a case of folk etymology. </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Incidentally, this Celtic word (cf. Cornish </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ci</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Breton </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ki</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Scottish Gaelic </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cù</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Old Irish </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cú</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Gaulish </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">con</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">) has Romance cognates such as Latin </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">canis</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Italian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cane</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Sicilian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cani</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Friulian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cjan</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Romanian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">câine</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Galician </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">can</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Emilian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">can</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Venetian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">can</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Ligurian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">can</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Occitan </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">can</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> ~ </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">chan</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, French </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">chien</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Walloon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tchén</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, and Portuguese </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cão</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">. Furthermore -- coming home -- it is related to English "hound" and its Germanic cognates:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old English: hund</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Frisian: hund, hond</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Saxon: hund</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Low Franconian: hund</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old German: hunt ~ hund</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Old Norse: hundr</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Gothic: hundz</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germanic: *hund-o-z</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Lithuanian: šuo</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Latvian: suns</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Greek: κύων (k</span><span dir="rtl" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" lang="HE">ý</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">ōn)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Sanskrit: श्वन् </span><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" lang="sa-Latn">(śvan)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Indo-European: *k̑un- ~ *k̑(u̯)on-</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(Related to Slavic words for "horse"? E.g., Czech </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">kůň</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Polish </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">koń</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Polabian <i>tjün</i>, Slovene </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">konj</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Some have suggested that the original meaning of "hound" and its cognates was something like "seizer" or "catcher".</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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