<div dir="ltr"><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://d.yimg.com/jq/css/contextual_shortcuts.css" type="text/css" media="all"><span id="lw_beacon_1221959167247"></span>
<div dir="ltr"><style>
<!--
_filtered {font-family:SimSun;panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;}
_filtered {panose-1:2 11 6 9 7 2 5 8 2 4;}
_filtered {panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
_filtered {panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
_filtered {panose-1:2 11 6 9 7 2 5 8 2 4;}
_filtered {panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;}
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;font-size:12.0pt;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;text-decoration:underline;}
span.hccdpe
{}
span.ep8xu
{}
span.ldacoc
{}
_filtered {margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.Section1
{}</style><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CRon%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;
mso-font-alt:"ＭＳ 明朝";
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:modern;
mso-font-pitch:fixed;
mso-font-signature:-1610612033 1757936891 16 0 131231 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:SimSun;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-alt:宋体;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1 -369098753 63 0 4129279 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1 -369098753 63 0 4129279 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@SimSun";
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:modern;
mso-font-pitch:fixed;
mso-font-signature:-1610612033 1757936891 16 0 131231 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;}
span.yshortcuts
{mso-style-name:yshortcuts;}
span.ipa
{mso-style-name:ipa;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 20 September 2008 - Volume 05<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
Please set the encoding mode to Unicode (UTF-8).<br>
If viewing this in a web browser, please click on<br>
the html toggle at the bottom of the archived page <br>
and switch your browser's character encoding to Unicode.</span><br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts"><span id="lw_1221959162_3">sassisch@yahoo.com</span></span></a>><br>
Subject: Orthography<br>
<br>
I wrote:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">I
totally agree that in most cases the use of the apostrophe is non-sensical
where it refers to <i>English</i> standards. It can be justified only if it stands
for elesions in Scots itself. Writing <i>-in'</i> for <i>-in</i> (= English <i>-ing</i>)
is <i>never</i> justifiable since in Scots it <i>never</i> alternates with the
"ing" sound.<br>
<br>
Enter examples like <i>ca'</i> for what you write <i>caw</i> (or <i>caa</i>) [k</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ɑ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">:] 'call', and <i>fu'</i> for what you write <i>fou</i>
'full'. (I wonder if <i>fu'</i> is meant to show that the pronunciation is not
as in "few" but as in "foo" [fu:].) Your spelling is
consistent with the spelling in other words such as <i>house</i> [hu(:)s]
'house' you and Sandy have been using, although in your dictionary (<a href="http://www.scots-online.org/dictionary/" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts"><span id="lw_1221959162_4">http://www.scots-online.org/dictionary/</span></span></a>)
you're still spell it the conventional way: <i>hoose</i>.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
<br>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Enter the devil's advocate. This treatment of
etymological <i>-ll</i> would fall in the category of trying to spell
phonetically rather than either phonemically or etymologically. Why? In most
instances there are alternations in which the underlying /-l/
"re"-appears, such as in <i>caw</i> [k</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ɑ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">:] ~ <i>callin</i> [ 'k</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ɑ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "MS Mincho"; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ɫ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">en] 'call' ~ 'calling', and <i>pou</i> [pu:] ~ <i>pullin</i> ['p</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "MS Mincho"; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ʊɫ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">en] (~ ['p</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "MS Mincho"; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ʌɫ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">en]) 'pull' ~ pulling'. Final /l/ is absorbed by and lengthens
the preceding vowel. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
<br>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">In other words, I'm suggesting that, unless you
want to spell "phonetically" for the Sasanach, the final /l/ ought to
be written as such, because a Scots-specific phonological rule requires final
/l/ to be "deleted" but otherwise pronounced, thus, e.g.</span><br>
<br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">call ~ callin</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
(rather than <i>caw ~ callin</i>)</span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">pull ~ pullin</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
(rather than <i>pou ~ pullin</i>)</span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">fall ~ fallin</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
(rather than <i>faw ~ fallin</i>)</span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">small ~ smaller</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> (rather than <i>smaw ~ smaller</i>)</span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">troll ~ trollin</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> (rather than <i>trowe ~ trollin</i> 'to troll', 'to
trundle')</span><br>
<br>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Where there is no such alternation, you have to
decide if you want to go by sound or by etymology; e.g.</span><br>
<br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">aw</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> or <i>all</i></span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">haw</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> or <i>hall</i></span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">staw</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> or <i>stall</i></span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">baw or ball</span></i><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">waw</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> or <i>wall</i></span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">fou</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> or <i>full</i>
(~ <i>fuller</i>?)</span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">gou</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> or <i>gull</i></span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">bou</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> or <i>bull</i></span><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">trowe </span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">or <i>troll
</i>('troll' noun)</span><br>
<br>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">It doesn't matter if etymology and the convenience
of the Sasanach are disregarded.</span><br>
<br>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">In some cases, the shift / > <i>w</i> has sunk
to the phonemic level, and the "ll" spelling would not be
appropriate; e.g.</span><br>
<br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">row</span></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> [r</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "MS Mincho"; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ʌʊ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">] ~ <i>rowin</i> ['r</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "MS Mincho"; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ʌʊ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">en] 'roll' ~ 'rolling'</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(cf. also <i>rowie</i> ['r</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "MS Mincho"; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">ʌʊ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">i] 'bread roll')</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
Or was I totally wrong and the /l/ surfaces in any of those cases? Probably
not, because I know cases such as <i>ca<b>ll</b>in caird</i>, <i>pu<b>ll</b>in
doon the kirk</i>, and <i>a smirr o rain was fa<b>ll</b>in</i>, versus <i>the
ro<b>w</b>in clouds</i> ... unless <i>ll</i> is pronounced [w] in those cases.<br>
<br>
Incidentally, in quite a few languages velarized final /l/ is realized as [w]
in quite a few languages, which is what is really going on here in the case of
Scots. Among them is Brazilian Portuguese; e.g.<br><br></span></p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="margin-left: 0.5in; border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr style="">
<td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(153, 153, 153); border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(153, 153, 153); border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Portugal</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(153, 153, 153); border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Brazil</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Portugal</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">[p</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ʊɾ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">tu</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">ga</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɫ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">]</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">[p</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ʊʁ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">tu</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">gaw]
~ [p</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ʊʁ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">tu</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">ga</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ʊ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Brasil</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">[b</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɾɐˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">z</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɪɫ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">]</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">[b</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ʁ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">a</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">z</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɪ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">w] ~ [b</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ʁ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">a</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">z</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɪʊ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">]</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">brasileiro</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">[b</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɾɐˌ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">z</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɪˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">l</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɐɪɾʊ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">]</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">[b</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ʁ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">a</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ˌ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">z</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɪˈ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">l</span><span class="ipa"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɛ</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɪʁʊ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">]</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div style="top: -400px; left: -400px; position: absolute;" class="module overlay yui-module yui-overlay" id="lwPreview"><div class="hd"></div><div class="bd"></div><div class="ft"></div></div></div>