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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 03 October 2008 - Volume 05<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: <span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Arend Victorie</span>
<<a href="mailto:victorie.a@home.nl">victorie.a@home.nl</a>><br>
Subject: LL-L "Lexicon" 2008.10.03 (04) [E]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">Reinhard, ie schrèven.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-GB">By the way, one of the Low
Saxon words for 'blade (of a knife or sword)' is <i>kling</i> (<i>Kling</i>)
which I suspect of being a German loan. Perhaps older is Low Saxon <i>lemmel</i>
(<i>Lemmel</i>) for the same thing. I don't know about its etymology. It seems
like a diminutive form of *<i>lem(b)</i> or *<i>lam(b)</i>. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Or does it come from <i>lamella</i>?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Nederlaandse Etymologisch woordenboek.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Lemmer (15980 Ook Lemmet (1616) ontstaan ui
mnl. </span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL">Lemmele
</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL">metaalblad/zwaardkling.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL">Uit
het diminutief <i>lâmella </i>van Lat. <i>Lâmina </i>of <i>lâmna </i>blad metaal,kling
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Vgl. lamble (Bern. C.1240)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Goodgaon,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Arend Victorie<br>
<br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: <span style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Brooks, Mark</span>
<<a href="mailto:mark.brooks@twc.state.tx.us">mark.brooks@twc.state.tx.us</a>><br>
Subject: LL-L "Lexicon" 2008.10.03 (04) [E]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Ron:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another irony perhaps. We also have blades of
grass which can often look a lot like a leaves depending on the type of
grass. In fact, the blades on what we call Pampas grass (</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;" lang="EN">Cortaderia selloana</span><b><i><span style="" lang="EN">)</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> here in Texas, can easily cut
your skin, if you wander too far into one. That makes me wonder which
came first, the metal blade that cuts or the grass blade that cuts? By
the way, I believe a "blad" can mean "page" or "newspaper" in some of the
Germanic languages. Likewise, in English we can "leaf" thru a book or
magazine, and if careless can sometimes cut ourselves on one of the pages or
"blades." </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Now about pork and pig or swine. I would eat
pork, and maybe on a long-shot pig meat, but never swine! </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;">J</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Generally, pig and swine still live
and breathe. Pork comes in a nice package with clear plastic wrap at the
grocery store.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Likewise with beef and cow. However, if you
take a lot of bovines in one group, you have cattle. Even in Texas we wouldn't eat
cattle, no matter how hungry we might be! First of all, eating cattle
would involve a very large number of bovines. Secondly, since cattle
still live and breathe, they would likely kick us real hard before we ever got
a mouthful!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Mark Brooks</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">----------<br>
<br>
From: <span style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">M.-L. Lessing</span> <<a href="mailto:marless@gmx.de">marless@gmx.de</a>><br>
Subject: LL-L "Lexicon" 2008.10.03 (02) [E]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Reinhard wrote "</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">I guess it touches on the old question "Does language influence
perception?""</span><span style=""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">At ca. 17 years old, I heard somebody say in
English "We passed a serious financial bottleneck." (Yes, it was long
ago, not now! :-))) I had to think on the "bottleneck" for a moment,
then really rolled on the floor with laughter, the metaphor seemed so funny.
Native speakers most time do not notice the "Bildhaftigkeit" (was
heißt das auf Englisch, lieber Reinhard?) of their language. German has the
wonderful metaphor "Zeitlupe" for "slow motion", but I'm
sure most germans don't see the picturesque in it. Foreigners do, at first.
(Well, and poets :-)) If you are "in" a language, in everyday life,
you use the words for the things they mean, and basta. Language is functional.
They who notice all the shades, aspects, relations and histories of a word
(or an object, a person, a situation...) are not fit for everyday life and get
sorted out quickly; that's evolution at work. It takes too much time &
trouble to do so. What if fighters in a battle stopped to look at their
respective weapons, meditating "Hmmm, doesn't it look like a grass
plant?" (the englishman) or "Hmmm, doesn't it sound like a
bell?" (the german). They would get killed of course, sooner than they
could write a poem about their "blade" orr "klinge"! -- It
must be a considered serious sign of decadence in a population if too many
poets come up and thrive. A circumstance absolutely to be avoided!!
:-))</span><span style=""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Herzliche Grüße!</span><span style=""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Marlou</span><span style=""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><br>
----------<br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>> <br>
Subject: Lexicon<br>
<br>
Thanks, Arend, Mark and Marlou!<br>
<br>
Marlou:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">If you are
"in" a language, in everyday life, you use the words for the things
they mean, and basta. Language is functional. They who notice all the shades,
aspects, relations and histories of a word (or an object, a person, a
situation...) are not fit for everyday life and get sorted out quickly; that's
evolution at work. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">[...]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">It must be a
considered serious sign of decadence in a population if too many poets come up
and thrive. A circumstance absolutely to be avoided!! :-))</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Uh-oh! That
might explain certain things about me, I'm afraid ... I do think about such
things much of the time ... or better to say I "see" and "hear" those semantic
vibrations of words and phrases. I've known and have myself been using the
"bottleneck" expression for eons, yet I still have a mental picture of it. When
I hear, read or use "blade" in connection with "knife" and "sword" I actually
"sense" the shape idea. When I come across German <i>Klinge</i> (blade)<i>,
Klinke</i> (door handle) or <i>Klinker</i> (klinker brick) I am pretty much
fully aware of the aural vibrations of <i>klingen</i>, "clanging" ...<br>
<br>
What does this say about me? "Weirded out" on account of linguistic excess and
obsession? Way to much etymology indulgence? Please tell me that I'm not alone, that I'm not the only one to be
picked off by Mr. Evolution! Should I console myself by focusing on being a
poet with the linguistic edge ... albeit over the edge? It is true that practically all words I choose
in poems I choose with consideration to their individual baggage of aural, visual and textural characteristics and
various types of associations. Hmm ... it would be interesting to see fertility
rate statistics of poets and linguists. Too little sex due to too much rumination perhaps, in other words "top-heavy" rather than "bottom-heavy"? Perhaps our Marlou is on to something here ...<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
<br>
P.S.:<br>
<i>Bildhaftigkeit</i>: pictorial nature, vividness, visually evocative property,
visual suggestiveness<br>
<i>Zeitlupe</i>: literally "time lens/loupe/magnifying glass" = 'slow motion'</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">----------<br>
<br>
From: </span><span class="ep8xu"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(200, 137, 0);">Sandy
Fleming</span></span><span class="hccdpe"><span style="font-family: Arial;">
</span></span><span class="ldacoc"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><<a href="mailto:sandy@scotstext.org">sandy@scotstext.org</a>><br>
Subject: </span></span><span class="hccdpe"><span style="font-family: Arial;">LL-L
"Lexicon" 2008.10.03 (02) [E]<br>
<br>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">> From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
> Subject: Lexicon<br>
<br>
> I often wonder if it is correct to make the general pronouncement that<br>
> lexical enrichment tends to occur in cases of "mixed
languages", i.e.<br>
> those that underwent some degree of hybridization, as in the cases of<br>
> the Lowlands languages Afrikaans, English and Scots, and to a degree<br>
> also Missingsch and Stêdsk. (All languages are mixed to some degree or<br>
> other, but I am talking about what is or approaches hybridization.)<br>
><br>
> The simple explanation would be that more lexical choices and thus<br>
> "non-moderating" lexical differentiations become available were
one or<br>
> more language feeds into the development of the base language. By<br>
> "non-moderating" I mean that an imported previously foreign word<br>
> becomes available where, if differentiation does occur, an
"unmixed"<br>
> language tends to create compounds.<br>
><br>
> Using English, well-known examples are French-derived "beef" and<br>
> "pork" versus the compounded equivalents of "cattle
flesh/meat" and<br>
> "pig/swine flesh/meat" in related "unmixed" languages.<br>
<br>
I would maybe make a distinction between the cushion/pillow and<br>
leaf/petal cases. In English or Scots, the distinction between cushion<br>
and pillow is clear, but at the same time, you have a feeling that<br>
they're the same sort of thing, it's the intended usage that<br>
distinguishes them, not the objects themselves, except as far as the use<br>
of the object influences its manufacture.<br>
<br>
With petal/leaf, on the other hand, it comes as a surprise when you<br>
learn that the distinction isn't usually made in some languages: they<br>
just seem too different (and yet not so different that calling them by<br>
the same name wouldn't cause confusion: eg sword blade or blade of<br>
grass, too different to confuse).<br>
<br>
Sometimes I wonder about "missing words" in a language and why
language<br>
users notice the problem because of the difficulties they cause, and yet<br>
never invent words to resolve the difficulties.<br>
<br>
For example, "inclusive we" versus "exclusive we" in English.
In a case<br>
like this, circumlocution doesn't quite serve to overcome the problem of<br>
having no distinction between the two. Occasionally a person finds<br>
themselves in an embarrassing position because someone says, "OK, we'll<br>
go out to such and such tomorrow," and someone's left wondering if<br>
they're invited or not, and needs to know but doesn't like to ask. Why<br>
does no-one invent a couple of words to cover the situation, or why<br>
doesn't language develop to cover areas of difficulty?<br>
<br>
Another example in English is when someone asks, say, "So am I not<br>
invited?" and someone replies "Yes." Then you say, "Do you
mean 'Yes<br>
yes' or 'Yes no'?" and the invitation or lack thereof turns into a bit<br>
of a fuss and possibly an embarrassment.<br>
<br>
Other languages, even neighbours of English, have words to cover such<br>
situations, why don't they develop in English?<br>
<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br>
Sandy Fleming<br>
<a href="http://scotstext.org/" target="_blank">http://scotstext.org/</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
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