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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 06 October 2008 - Volume 04<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
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</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">===========================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"><br>
From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(185, 0, 56);">Elsie Zinsser</span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:ezinsser@icon.co.za">ezinsser@icon.co.za</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Lexicon" 2008.10.03 (02) [E]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Hi all,</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Ron, I think you
generalize too much on this one. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">In Afrikaans we
only have kussing and that goes for the stitched one on the couch and the
Percale one on the bed. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Kopkussing is
old fashioned and hardly used by the under 70s. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Yes, blaar goes
for leaf and for petal in Afrikaans as in bloeiselblaar and perskeblaar. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Groete,</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Elsie </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">I
am particularly thinking of lexical differentiations that in
"unmixed" languages are not usually made, are only made when
specification is necessary in certain contexts. For instance, English has
"cushion" and "pillow" where Low Saxon usually uses <i>küssen</i>
(<i>Küssen</i>) for both (German <i>Kissen</i>, related to "cushion")
and specifies <i>kopküssen</i> (<i>Koppküssen</i> "head cushion") for
"pillow" only if necessary.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
<br>
<span style="color: black;">Similarly, Low Saxon <i>blad</i> (<i>Blatt</i>,
German <i>Blatt</i>, cognate of "blade") usually covers both
"leaf" and "petal", which in English are strictly
separated. The "leaf" meaning is basic to <i>blad</i>. So, for
instance <i>rosenblad</i> (<i>Rosenblatt</i>) is ambiguous in that it can
denote either a leaf or petal of a rose. If you absolutely need to specify the
idea of "petal" you would have to say <i>bloydenblad</i> (<i>Blödenblatt</i>,
German <i>Blütenblatt</i> "blossom/bloom leaf"). In the case of <i>rosenblad</i>
(<i>Rosenblatt</i>) it tends to be the "petal" idea that is being
conveyed, probably because rose petals play a prominent role in tradition and
literature while leaves of the rose stem do not.</span><br>
<br>
<span style="color: black;">The example of "leaf" versus
"petal" makes me wonder if the availability of lexical
differentiation causes mental differentiation. Is a petal a type of leaf to a
speaker of Low Saxon or German while to an English speaker the two are like
"apples and oranges", i.e. denote two quite different things?</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>>
<br>
Subject: Lexicon<br>
<br>
"Generalize too much" in what way, Elsie?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
<br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);"><a href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a></span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Lexicon" 2008.10.06 (02) [E]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">from <a href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk" target="_blank">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Jonny directed us to Brüder
Grimms Wörterbuch where it stated as well :</span></p>
<p><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">die Gothen sagten schöner</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> spillôn, usspillôn <i>und für
erzählung</i> spill, <i>die Angelsachsen</i> spëllan <i>und</i> spëll,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Which of course is where
the "Muspilli" must come from too. As well as Harry Potter's magic
spells. And spelling (i.e. buchstabieren) sounds very like the original
definition given earlier today of giving information in the right order.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Is spëllan still extant?
And if so, in what versions? Does North Germanic use erzählen or a cognate
for story telling? Does NG use zählen for counting?</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">English still has </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">a) bank tellers - i.e. bank
clerks who count the money</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">b) tally sticks - which
were used to record numbers/ figures for taxes</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">c) to tally - when figures
balance in accounts</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">as well as to tell
tales - real one or fibs and of course we can recount a story</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">from a much drier Heather
who is now shivering under unseasonal cold. Last night's dig walk at 11 p.m.
and I could see my breath in front of me. Chilly!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">PS I promise you Jonny my
old hens have no spare meat on their bodies except tough old leg meat!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">PPs Mark said " To me,
Chomski disappoints because his speculations do not take account of this,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">For my money, I would have
stopped after the word 'disappoints' !!!!!!! <br></span></p>
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