<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Crhahn%5CLocal%20Settings%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:SimSun;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-alt:宋体;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@SimSun";
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
p
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;}
span.hccdpe
{mso-style-name:hccdpe;}
span.ep8xu
{mso-style-name:ep8xu;}
span.ldacoc
{mso-style-name:ldacoc;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 24 November 2008 - Volume 04<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
Please set the encoding mode to Unicode (UTF-8).<br>
If viewing this in a web browser, please click on<br>
the html toggle at the bottom of the archived page <br>
and switch your browser's character encoding to Unicode.</span><br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 96);">Diederik Masure</span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:didimasure@hotmail.com">didimasure@hotmail.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Language varieties" 2008.11.22 (03)
[E]</span><br>
<br>
>>From: <span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Ben J. Bloomgren</span> <<a href="mailto:ben.j.bloomgren@gmail.com" target="_blank">ben.j.bloomgren@gmail.com</a>><br>
>>Subject: [LLL] my first look at Afrikaans </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">>>Recently I came
upon a Teach Yourself Afrikaans program. I was amazed as the differences <br>
>>more than I was the similarities with what I know as Dutch. The more
centralized phonology <br>
>>and the lack of inflection reminded me of the Scandinavian languages
more than the West <br>
>>Germanic relatives. My question then is this: How did Afrikaans
become so much more <br>
>>analytical than even Dutch or English? Did the Thanksgiving guests
include Mister and Misses Khoisan?</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">First of all, what do you
mean by ´centralised phonology´ and how would Scandinavian (or Afrikaans) have
such a ´centralised phonology´? </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Scandinavian being poorly
inflected compared to the West-Germanic languages sounds awkward to me too. If
we leave out German and Icelandic, both being quite highly inflected (Icelandic
even more than HGerman), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian still have a lot more
inflection than English and Dutch... <br>
For example standard Norwegian has 4 forms for every word, indefinite/definite
and sg/plural, giving mann, mannen, menn, mennene. Most central Norwegian
dialects still have a dative case, giving a total of 6 (dative only exists in
definite form): sg would be manna/manni or many other forms, pl monnom or
similar. <br>
Those 4 forms exist in Dan/Sw as well, some Sw dialects preserve dative as
well.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Dan/Standard Sw have 2
genders with their own set of endings, Norwegian and most traditional Swe
dialects have 3. <br>
Within different genders there can be distinguished different subclasses as
well, at least in the Nynorsk form of Norwegian.<br>
Masc Gut - guten - gutar - gutane<br>
Masc Stad - staden - stader - stadene<br>
Masc mann - mannen - menn(er) - mennene<br>
Fem tid - tida (tidi) - tider - tidene</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Fem øy - øya (øyi) - øyar -
øyane<br>
Fem jente (jenta) - jenta - jenter (jentor) - jentene (jentone)<br>
Fem tong - tonga (tongi) - tenger - tengene<br>
Neut barn - barnet - born (barn) - borna (borni, barna, barni)<br>
Neut møte - møtet - møte - møta (møti)<br>
Neut auga (auge) - auga (auget) - augo (auge) - augo (auga)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">These are
the main declensions, there might be a few irregular ones not mentioned. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Adjectives in all Sc.
standard languages have 3 different endings according to function, but many
dialects have still preserved more (eg. 5 in most of Western Norway)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Articles are different for
each gender</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">The
difference between weak jan-verbs and on-verbs from germanic is still
maintained, and in Norwegian strong verbs still have umlaut in present tense. <br>
<br>
I could name many more, but I think Im being carried away a bit by
overenthousiasm:-) But I hope you see that the North germanic languages surely
aren't more grammatically "simplified" than West gmc. <br>
<br>
Greetings, Diederik</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>