<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CRon%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:SimSun;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-alt:宋体;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@SimSun";
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
span.hccdpe
{mso-style-name:hccdpe;}
span.ep8xu
{mso-style-name:ep8xu;}
span.ldacoc
{mso-style-name:ldacoc;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 08 December 2008 - Volume 01<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
Please set the encoding mode to Unicode (UTF-8).<br>
If viewing this in a web browser, please click on<br>
the html toggle at the bottom of the archived page <br>
and switch your browser's character encoding to Unicode.</span><br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Theo Homan</span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:theohoman@yahoo.com">theohoman@yahoo.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Etymology" 2008.12.07 (03) [D/E]</span><br>
<br>
> From: Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc.<br>
> <<a href="mailto:roger.thijs@euro-support.be">roger.thijs@euro-support.be</a>><br>
> Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2008.12.07 (01) [E]<br>
<br>
[...]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL"><br>
> For *Ossendrecht *</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossendrecht" target="_blank"><span style="" lang="NL">http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossendrecht</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL"><br>
> gives<br>
> *Usse*(dune) + drecht<br>
><br>
> Regards,<br>
><br>
> Roger</span><span style="" lang="NL"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL">Hi,<br>
<br>
Tja, er wordt gezegd dat usse de duinen zijn langs de Schelde.<br>
<br>
Zijn er mensen die wat informatie kunnen geven over dit woord 'usse'?<br>
<br>
vr. gr.<br>
<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Theo Homan</span><br>
<br>
<span class="hccdpe">----------</span><br>
<br>
From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Luc Hellinckx</span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Etymology"</span><br>
<br>
Beste Ron, </span><span style="" lang="NL"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL"> </span><span style="" lang="NL"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">You wrote:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="word-spacing: 0px;">So French <i>-ard</i> does
indeed come from Germanic <i>-hard</i> and then came to be imported
back into Germanic (Dutch and English)?</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">I'm not
sure. Later on, when lying in bed, I was thinking to myself: Mmm...maybe -ard
should rather be tied with German "Art" and Dutch "aard",
kind (E). Or maybe both words -hard and -a(a)rd interfered (which could well be
the case, given the French disposition to drop initial h). Will have to look
things up.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Kind
greetings,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Luc
Hellinckx</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>>
<br>
Subject: Etymology<br>
<br>
Thanks, Luc.<br>
<br>
If it is indeed a Germanic loan in French I'd tend toward assuming <i>-hard</i>
is the source, perhaps mixed up with <i>-(i)er</i>. This must have happened
before the Norman invasion of Britain
then, considering all those words with "-ard" in English and their occurrence
in Middle English.<br>
<br>
The presence of words with "-ard" and <i>-aard</i> in English and Dutch
respectively but their (apparent) absence in German and in non-Dutch-dominated
Low Saxon does indeed seem historically consistent with early French contacts.
It would be interesting to see if such words exist in German dialects with
long-standing French contact, such as Luxemburgish and Alsatian, Alsatian in
particular because Dutch as a medium can be ruled out in that case. But then
again, it could have been a matter of Northern Frankish</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> <i>langue d'oïl</i> only</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">, most likely
Old Norman, Old Walloon and Old Picard.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron</span> <br></p>