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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 23 December 2008 - Volume 04<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
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From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Sandy Fleming</span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:sandy@scotstext.org">sandy@scotstext.org</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Orthography" 2008.12.22 (10) [E]</span><br>
<br>
> > From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
> > Subject: Orthography<br>
<br>
> Italian and Welsh orthographies are pretty close to be phonemically<br>
> based, but then have flaws also.<br>
><br>
> Welsh orthography does not distinguish long and short "y" (the
long<br>
> version being written with a circumflex in better older dictionaries<br>
> and textbooks).<br>
<br>
I wouldn't call the Welsh thing a flaw, at least not with respect to<br>
modern Welsh.<br>
<br>
Rather, it follows the change in pronunciation when the regular stress<br>
(stress is regularly on the penultimate syllable in Welsh) is displaced<br>
due to the addition of a suffix.<br>
<br>
The <y> in Welsh (southern Welsh as I'm familiar with it) is<br>
pronounced /I/ when unstressed but /A/ when stressed (I need to set up<br>
something to do IPA instead of falling back on SAMPA in this day and<br>
age!), so for example, when we pluralise "mynydd" /'mAnID/ (mountain)
we<br>
get "mynyddion" /mIn'ADjon/.<br>
<br>
So although the <y> represents two sounds it's entirely predictable<br>
because the stress is predictable. And yet there's no changing of the<br>
spelling of the root, which I think is quite neat.<br>
<br>
In Welsh the circumflex is used when the stress falls on a syllable<br>
other than the penultimate, to mark the stressed syllable. This is rare<br>
and tends to happen in compound words where phrasal stress is used<br>
rather than lexical stress, eg, "cwm bran" > (the town of)
"Cwmbrân".<br>
<br>
Y-circumflex is a different thing, where a few common words such as<br>
"ty^" (house) have a different pronunciation (where I used to live,
/i/)<br>
and are thusly marked.<br>
<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br>
Sandy Fleming<br>
<a href="http://scotstext.org/" target="_blank">http://scotstext.org/</a><br style="">
<br style="">
</span></span></p>