<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Crhahn%5CLocal%20Settings%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:SimSun;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-alt:???¡ì??;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Sylfaen;
panose-1:1 10 5 2 5 3 6 3 3 3;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:67110535 0 0 0 159 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1 -369098753 63 0 4129279 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1 -369098753 63 0 4129279 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@SimSun";
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 135135232 16 0 262145 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
span.hccdpe
{mso-style-name:hccdpe;}
span.ep8xu
{mso-style-name:ep8xu;}
span.ldacoc
{mso-style-name:ldacoc;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 01 January 2009 - Volume 02<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
Please set the encoding mode to Unicode (UTF-8).<br>
If viewing this in a web browser, please click on<br>
the html toggle at the bottom of the archived page <br>
and switch your browser's character encoding to Unicode.</span><br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Luc Hellinckx</span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Etymology"</span><br>
<br>
Beste Ron, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">You wrote:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">I wrote regarding Romanian </span><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">buhai</i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> and Ukrainian </span></span><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="NL">бугай</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> (<i>buhaj</i>) 'friction drum
(possibly derived from cow's skin membrane):</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
It's Proto-Turkic *<i>būka </i>with many
Turkic descendants (e.g. Old Turkic <i>buqa</i>, Modern Turkish <i>boa</i>)
'bull'. Gagauz has two forms: <i>bu</i></span><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ɣ</span></i><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">a </span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">~ <i>bua</i>!
Hungarian got <i>bika</i> from it.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
This might be one of those words that suggests an ancient connections between
Altaic and Indo-European: </span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Indo-Eruopean: *<i>bhugo</i></span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Proto-Germanic: *<i>bukkon</i></span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Old Saxon: buc 'male goat' > 'buck'</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Old Frankish: <i>bukk</i> 'male goat' > 'buck'</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Old English <i>bucca</i> 'male goat' > 'buck'</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Old German: <i>bok</i> 'male goat' > 'buck'</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Old Norse: <i>bokki</i> 'male goat' > 'buck'</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Avestan: <i>buza</i> 'male goat'</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
Armenian </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Sylfaen; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">գառ</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">buc</i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> 'lamb'</span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span> </p>
<span style="word-spacing: 0px;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">In modern
Tajik (Khojand style), a male goat is still called "boozi narina", so
there you have a link with Avestan. A bull can be a "bukka"
("barzagov" and "nargov", being synonyms); guess
"bukka" should be interpreted as a Turkic loanword though.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Speaking of
Tajik and as it is the 2nd of January today, here's a link to a Yaghnobi New
Year's Song:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://yaghnobi.wordpress.com/2008/12/01/nava-sol-nuborak-vot-a-yaghnobi-new-years-song/" target="_blank">http://yaghnobi.wordpress.com/2008/12/01/nava-sol-nuborak-vot-a-yaghnobi-new-years-song/</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Mark
"nava", related to "new" and "sol" which means
"year"; tempting to connect that to "sun", but wrong I
think.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">By the way,
the Yaghnobi have no precise date for New Year (traditionally March 21st); it
all depends on whether you're living on the sunny (March 12th) or the shady side
(March 18th) of the valley.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Kind
greetings,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Luc
Hellinckx</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br style="">
<br style="">
</span></p>
</span>