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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 11 January 2009 - Volume 10<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: <span class="ep8xu"><span><span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">M.-L.
Lessing</span></span></span><span class="hccdpe"> </span><span class="ldacoc"><<a href="mailto:marless@gmx.de">marless@gmx.de</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="hccdpe">LL-L "Art" 2009.01.11 (03) [E]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Luc writes: <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">"the
Dutch word "wiskunde" (for math) is related to "conste"... </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ha! Here is a language question again: I thought
"Kunde" is derived from "kennen" and "Kunst" from
"können", the one being of a passive and the other of an active
nature. Is this wrong? Very probably they have a common root somewhere. Where
do they branch? And why? -- Maybe this is up to our Reinhard, if he can
find time...</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hartlich</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Marlou</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology<br>
<br>
Marlou,<br>
<br>
German <i>kennen</i> (to know), <i>können</i> (to be able (to), to be
proficient (in)), <i>Kunde</i> (information, knowledge, news) and <i>Kunst</i>
(art) are all related with each other.<br>
<br>
Apparently, <i>kennen</i> (< <i>chennan</i>, Old Saxon <i>kennian</i>, Old
Frisian <i>kanna</i>, Old English <i>cennan</i>, Old Frankish <i>kennen</i>,
Old Norse <i>kunna</i>, <i>kenn-</i>, Gothic <i>kannjan</i>) originally meant
'to make known'.<br>
<br>
As such, <i>kennen</i> began as the causative form of <i>können</i>, originally
meaning 'to know', 'to understand', 'to be mentally able (to)' (< <i>kunnan</i>,
Old Saxon <i>kunnan</i>, Old Frisian <i>kunna</i>, Old English <i>cunnan</i>,
Old Norse <i>kunna</i>, Gothic <i>kunnan</i>).<br>
<br>
Derived from the <i>können</i> group is <i>Kunde</i> in the sense of
'information', 'knowledge', 'news', <i>kund</i> 'known', <i>kundig</i>
'versed', 'knowledgeable', <i>kündigen</i> 'to give notice' (originally 'to
make known'), also <i>Kunde</i> 'customer' (originally 'acquaintance'), and,
yes, <i>Kunst</i>, originally meaning 'knowledge', 'wisdom', 'proficiency'.<br>
<br>
Incidentally, English <i>uncouth</i> originally meant 'unknown', hence 'not
conventional' and in extension 'socially unacceptable'. Scots and some English
dialects retain the opposite: <i>couth</i>. <br>
<br>
This word is the cognate of German <i>kund</i> and belongs to the group of
words in which /n/ before a voiced fricative was "deleted", actually resulted
in lengthening of the preceding vowel. So, <i>couth</i> used to be *<i>kunð</i>
before it became <i>kūð</i>. This is an Ingveonic feature, hence also Old
Frisian <i>kūth</i>. Low Saxon is of mixed type which is why some dialects have
<i>uns</i> and other dialects have <i>us</i> 'us'. Old Saxon, too, has <i>kūth</i>,
but Modern Low Saxon, probably due to German influence, has <i>kund</i>
(besides <i>künnig</i>). Had <i>kūth</i> survived we would now have *<i>kuud</i>
instead of <i>kund</i>.<br>
<br>
Did this help?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>