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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 19 January 2009 - Volume 05<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology<br style="">
<br style="">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Dear
Lowlanders,<br>
<br>
German word <i>Wand</i> and the Dutch word <i>wand</i> denote an inside wall,
in other words a partitioning wall, usually "wall" as seen from the inside of a
building (as opposed to <i>Mauer</i> and <i>muur</i> for an outside wall). I
wonder if German <i>Wand</i> and Dutch <i>wand</i> began as a specifically Frankish
word.<br>
<br>
The <i>Herkunfts-Duden</i> does in fact describe <i>Wand</i> as specifically
German and Dutch. There is no mention of Low Saxon (which at the time of
publication did not have separate language status).<br>
<br>
Today's Low Saxon does have the word <i>Wand</i> in the same sense. However, I
wonder if this is a German and/or Dutch loan, because I can not find a
semantically closely related word in Old Saxon. It does have <i>wand</i> in the
sense of "boundary" among other things, though, this in the sense of German <i>Wende</i>
"turning point", i.e. originally a field boundary at which one turns around
(while plowing, for instance).<br>
<br>
However, apparently German <i>Wand</i> and Dutch <i>wand </i>are derived from
the related verb <i>wind-</i> as in English "to wind," specifically in the
sense of "to wind > weave (twigs)". Walls of half-timbered houses used to
consist of timber frames and woven twigs and brushwork sealed with clay. (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">In later times</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> brick
came to be added in between timber beams on the outside.) In
other words, clay-sealed woven barriers were seen from the inside and were
called <i>wand</i> (Old German <i>want</i>).<br>
<br>
Old Saxon has <i>wal</i> for an inside wall, sometimes for walls in general,
also for cliff faces, later specifically for protective walls, such as
ramparts. Of course this is related to English "wall", German (<i>wal</i> >)
<i>Wall</i> and Dutch (<i>wāl</i> >) <i>wal</i>, the latter two meaning 'rampart'. This tends to be considered
derived from Latin <i>vallus</i> 'palisade pole', from Indo-European *<i>ŭel-</i>
'to turn', 'to roll'.<br>
<br>
Incidentally, I think it is interesting that Modern English is content with
simply "wall". Old English has <i>weal</i>, <i>wāg</i> <i>~ w</i></span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ǣ</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">g</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> ~ </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><i>wāh</i></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">
and <i>mūr</i>. I am not sure if <i>wāg</i> <i>~ w</i></span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ǣ</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">g</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> ~ </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><i>wāh</i></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">
is native or if it is a Norse loan (Old Norse <i>veggr</i>). It's likely to be native, since Old Frisian has related <i>wâch</i>. At any rate, I am
under the impression that it denotes (mainly) what <i>Wand</i> and <i>wand</i>
denote in German and Dutch. <i>Weal</i> denotes mostly ramparts, as do its
cognates in related languages. <i>Mūr</i>
denotes man-made walls, again as in modern relatives. Are we dealing with
lexical simplification as a matter of perceived redundancy in English?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron</span></p>