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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 06 March 2009 - Volume 03<br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>>
<br>
Subject: Music<br>
<br>
I wrote about bagpipes and related musical instruments in Medieval
Saxon-speaking areas, and I mentioned the following:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Apparently,
a <i>platerspil</i> (Middle German <i>blaturspil</i>) is a much smaller type of
pipe, consisting of a wooden mouthpiece and the main part of the flute with
play holes, both attached to a bladder (<i>plater</i>, <i>blatur</i>) as sack.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Please
see here:<br>
<a href="http://www.lutherschauspiel.de/index.php?id=26">http://www.lutherschauspiel.de/index.php?id=26</a></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><a href="http://www.u-roming.de/camerata/platerspil.html">http://www.u-roming.de/camerata/platerspil.html</a></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><a href="http://www.chmtl.indiana.edu/tml/16th/LUSMUS_07GF.gif">http://www.chmtl.indiana.edu/tml/16th/LUSMUS_07GF.gif</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">It seems to
me that there are remarkable and perhaps not coincidental similarities between
this instrument and the <i>huluxiao</i> (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">葫蘆簫</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> or <i>hulusi</i></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">葫蘆絲</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> of China. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hulusi&file=Hulusi_1">http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hulusi&file=Hulusi_1</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hulusi&file=Hulusi_2">http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hulusi&file=Hulusi_2</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">While the <i>platerspil</i>
uses a bladder as an air chamber, the <i>huluxiao</i></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> ~ <i>hulusi</i></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> uses a gourd for the same purpose.
The latter can have one or more pipes, while the former has only one. (The type
of gourd itself is of non-Chinese origin as its name with <i>hú</i> (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">葫</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">) suggests.)<br>
<br>
The flexible air chamber</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> (bladder) of the <i>platerspil</i></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> may well have led to the development of the
inflexible air chamber of the <i>huluxiao</i> ~ <i>hulusi</i> as well as to the
development of a larger, squeezable air chamber as in the bagpipe family. I
have a hunch that we are dealing with cross-Eurasia technology (as in so many
other cases).<br>
<br>
The <i>huluxiao</i> ~ <i>hulusi</i> is a "barbarian"
instrument, i.e. is not an invention of China's dominant Han (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">漢</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">) ethnicity. Relatives of it are
played traditionally among various ethnic groups of Southern
China and in neighboring countries (some of which have been absorbed among the Han). Its air chamber is not unlike
that of the <i>hujia</i> (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">胡笳</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">), an instrument associated with "northern barbarians",
specifically with the Xiongnu <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN"><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hsiung-nu</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, </span>匈奴</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">), the eastern branch of the Huns that kept biting at China's ankles for quite some time while its
western branch kept biting at Europe's ankles.
Descendants of the <i>hujia</i> are still being played in Northern
China, also in part among ethnic minorities.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hujia&file=Hujia_1">http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hujia&file=Hujia_1</a><br>
<a href="http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hujia&file=Hujia_2">http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hujia&file=Hujia_2</a><br>
<a href="http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hujia&file=Hujia_3">http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Wind&inst=Hujia&file=Hujia_3</a><br>
(read "Altai" instead of "Altair")<br>
<br>
As you can see, aside from the air chamber, the <i>hujia</i> resembles an oboe
or shawm. You can see a musician playing it on camelback in a sculpture of the
Tang dynasty (</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: SimSun;" lang="ZH-CN">唐朝</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">, 618-907), a
time when China
was teaming with foreigners:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Intro&file=Intro_11">http://www.chineseinstruments.org/page.php?type=Intro&file=Intro_11</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">The European
Renaissance shawm has an air chamber also, albeit a perforated one, and there
are medieval ancestors of this instrument:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.music.iastate.edu/antiqua/renshawm.htm">http://www.music.iastate.edu/antiqua/renshawm.htm</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
Seattle, USA</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p>
==============================END===================================
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