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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 12 March 2009 - Volume 01<br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
From: <span class="gd"><span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Andrys Onsman</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:Andrys.Onsman@calt.monash.edu.au">Andrys.Onsman@calt.monash.edu.au</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Geography"</span><br>
<br>
To: Luc Hellinckx<br>
From: Andrys Onsman<br>
Subject: LL-L "Geography"<br>
<br>
> Coming full circle: A couple of days ago, a Spanish historian claimed<br>
> Christopher Columbus was actually...a Scotsman...named Pedro Scotto<br>
><br>
> <a href="http://tinyurl.com/c7foyn" target="_blank">http://tinyurl.com/c7foyn</a><br>
<br>
The link to "Columbus was a Scot, Jimmie - Whaur's yer Walter Raleigh
noo?" is worth reading too - and LLL related to boot!<br>
<br>
Thanks Luc!<br>
<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Andrys</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black;" lang="DE"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="DE">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">----------</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">From: <span class="gd"><span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Paul
Finlow-Bates</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk">wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Geography" 2009.03.11 (03) [E]<br>
<br>
</span>Luc wrote: </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
Coming full circle: A couple of days ago, a Spanish historian claimed Christopher
Columbus was actually...a Scotsman...named Pedro Scotto<br style="">
<br style="">
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">That seems entirely feasible. But mariners at that
time, be they explorers, pirates, traders or fishermen (the boundaries were
fuzzy) were a bit of a community in their own right. They had a mobility
and freedom unheard of amongst most mediaeval people, even those at the top of
the social order. "Columbus", whoever
he was, certainly visited Bristol in England, and quite probably Iceland.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Â </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">They all seem to have shared information that wasn't
accessible to land-based society. Columbus
clearly knew he would find land within about 4,000 miles, when any sailor worth
his salt knew China or the
Indies had to be, at the very least, 16,000 miles across the Great Ocean.
(It's a modern myth that they thought the world was flat; all navigators knew
it is round, and they knew its size to within a few percent of the real value).
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Â </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">It would be interesting to know how they communicated;
my guess would be some sort of Latin-based pidjin, interspersed with Lowlands and Scandinavian technical terms. And probably
some Basque; they were the business when it came to open Ocean
sailing.  Guess we'll never know. </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Â </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Paul</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Â </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: History<br>
<br>
Hi, Paul!<br>
<br>
What you wrote pretty much matches the impression I got from casual reading.<br>
<br>
Seafaring folks made up societies of their own, international societies with knowledge,
customs, rules, and often penal codes of their own. In some ways they seem to
have been like trade guilds. They tended
to be international and to frequent the same taverns all over the world,
where they would exchange information, make deals and pacts, sign on to different
ships, shanghaied crew, exchange contraband, and so forth.<br>
<br>
I am using the plural here: societies, because I don't think there was a single
one. I think they differed depending on their geographical reaches
and the types of ships they sailed on. There were those that for instance sailed
only on Hanseatic ships, and the reach of those was rather limited: the Baltic
Sea and a few North Sea ports – with no destinations
that we would consider "overseas" nowadays. Then there were those
that sailed mostly around the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
And then there were the ones that went much farther afield, such as along the
shores of African and/or Asia, and there were the really rugged ones that
braved the North Atlantic. I believe that
these "circles" or "societies" had different
"cultures" and <i>linguae francae</i>.<br>
<br>
As we know, the Hanseatics used Middle Saxon ("Middle Low German")
internationally. Many of those on the Mediterranean used Lingua Franca (which
gave us the name), also known as Sabir, based mostly on Italian and Occitan
with admixtures from languages around the Mediterranean, including Arabic.*<sup></sup>
In other parts of the world there were <i>linguae francae</i> based on Arabic
(Middle-Eastern- and North-African-based seafaring), and Malay (Southeast-Asian-based
seafaring). Unfortunately, we don't know a lot about the linguistics of those
that sailed the Atlantic.<br>
<br>
It is my impression that "legitimate" seafaring, privateering and
piracy were not strictly divided, that they largely overlapped and had similar
geographical reaches. Many men were both sailors (even on royal missions) as
well as pirates during their careers, depending on opportunities and
situations. We only get cursory glimpses of "legitimate" sailors'
lives and cultures in older literature because those men were considered too
lowly to bother about. The cultures of pirates – and they
included women as well -- got a lot more coverage, although most of it is
probably fiction. I believe that reports about them also gives us information
about other types of sailors.<br>
<br>
The crews led by the Liekedeeler pirates (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likedeeler">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likedeeler</a>)
Klaus Störtebeker (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_St%C3%B6rtebeker">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_St%C3%B6rtebeker</a>), Gödeke
Michels (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6deke_Michels">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6deke_Michels</a>), Henning Wichmann (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hennig_Wichmann">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hennig_Wichmann</a>),
Master Wigbold (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_Wigbold">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_Wigbold</a>) and others had a
limited reach and clearly spoke Middle Saxon, though there seem to have been
Frisians among them (and Störtebeker's wife was Frisian).<br>
<br>
Those that sailed across the Atlantic probably
used varieties of English, Dutch, French, Spanish or Portuguese depending on the origin of
their ships and majority among their crews.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
Seattle, USA <br>
<br>
* Example of Lingua Franca ("Frankish Language"), a.k.a. Sabir:<br><br>
</span><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Crhahn%5CLocal%20Settings%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Se ti
sabir, <br>
Ti respondir;<br>
Se non sabir,<br>
Tazir, tazir!<br>
Mi star Mufti.<br>
Ti qui star ti?<br>
Non intender,<br>
Tazir, tazir!</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">If you
know (Lingua Franca),<br>
You respond;<br>
If you know (Lingua Franca),<br>
Be silent! Be silent!<br>
I am Mufti.<br>
Who might you be?<br>
(If you) don't understand,<br>
Be silent! Be silent!</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">
<br>
Another one:<br><br>
</span><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Crhahn%5CLocal%20Settings%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
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<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Chiribirida,
ouch alla! <br>
Mi ti non comprara,<br>
Ma ti bastonara, <br>
Si ti non andara. <br>
Andara, andara, <br>
O ti bastonara! </span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Chiribida,
may it be so! <br>
I won't buy you,<br>
But I'll beat you up<br>
If you don't go away.<br>
Go! Go,<br>
Or I'll beat you up!</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</p>
•
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