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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">x===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 17 March 2009 - Volume 01<br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
From: <span class="gd"><span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">James Wilson</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:jawi2300@gmail.com">jawi2300@gmail.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.03.16 (05) [E]</span><br>
<br>
'Oxters', 'oxtern', 'oxtar', 'octar' is also used in Ireland (as well as Scots
and Northumbrian).<br>
<br>
Regards<br>
James<br>
Copenahgen</p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology<br>
<br>
Paul, you said:</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: blue;">I'd never heard of it till your post. From Old
English "ohsta" according to the Oxford Dictionary. They
describe it as Scottish and N. English; where have you heard it?</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: blue;">Does anyone know any related Lowlands
words?</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p>
<ul><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Old
English: "<i>ōxta, ōhsta</i> (earlier <i>ōcusta</i>)
< a suffixed form of the Germanic base of Old Saxon <i>ōhasa</i>"
(OED)</span></li><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Old Saxon: <i>ahsa</i>
(axle), <i>ahsla</i> (armpit), <i>ōhasa</i> (armpit)</span></li><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Old German:
<i>ahsa</i> (axle), <i>ahsala</i> (armpit), <i>uohisa</i> (armpit), <i>uohsala</i>,
<i>uohsana</i> (armpit)</span></li><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Old Norse: <i>ọxull</i>
(axle), <i>ọxul</i> (armpit)</span></li><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Gothic: <i>ahsa</i>
(axle), <i>ahsa</i> (armpit)</span></li></ul>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">According
to the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, these are derivations of cognates of
now obsolete English <i>ax(e)</i> (< Old English <i>æxe, eaxe</i>), Old
Saxon <i>ahsa</i> > Middle Saxon <i>asse</i> (> Low Saxon <i>Ass</i>), Dutch
<i>as</i>, Old German <i>ahsa</i> > Middle German <i>ahse</i> > Modern German
<i>Achse</i>, etc.; cf. Latin <i>axis</i>, Lithuanian <i>aszis</i>, Greek άξων </span><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Crhahn%5CLocal%20Settings%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
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</style><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">á</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><i>xon</i>,
Sanskrit </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="HI">आक्श <i>ākśa</i>.<br>
<br>
Furthermore, they believe that these are related to regional Norwegian <i>oster</i>
'hollow above the collarbones', 'throat', related to Old Norse </span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">óstr</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> > Icelandic
<i>hóstur</i> ~ <i>host</i> ~ <i>óst</i> and Faroese <i>óstur</i> with the same
meaning.<br>
<br>
Now rare or obsolete English "okselle" (armpit) comes from Middle
Dutch <i>ocsele</i>, <i>oxel</i>, <i>oxele</i> > Modern Dutch <i>oksel</i>, southern
regional <i>oksele</i> etc.<br>
<br>
Now obsolete English "assel(e)" (armpit) comes from Old (Norman?) French <i>essele</i>
(= Modern French <i>aiselle</i>; cf. Latin <i>axilla</i> ("little
axle").<br><br>"Oxter" is use in Manx English as well as the varieties mentioned earlier.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
Seattle, USA</span></p>
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