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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">===========================================</span><br>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">L O W L A N D S - L -
18 March 2009 - Volume 02</span><br>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">===========================================</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
From: <span class="gd"><span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Diederik Masure</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:didimasure@hotmail.com">didimasure@hotmail.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.03.18 (01) [A/E]<br>
<br>
</span>Aksel (old norse öxl) still means "shoulder" in Norwegian. <br>
Greets, Diederik</p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology<br>
<br>
Lowlanders,<br style="">
<br style="">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">I wrote:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(By
the way, Paul, “axle” > “shoulder joint” seems to be the connection, and
that goes back to <i>*aks-</i> *” pivot”, apparently to IE *<i>ag-</i> ‘to
pivot’, the <i>-s-</i> nominalizing as in <i>*reg-</i> ‘to rule’ > *<i>reg-s</i>
> Latin <i>rex</i> ‘ruler’, ‘king’; and “axle” is a diminutive form (*<i>ag-s-l</i>).)</span><br style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: blue;"></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: blue;">
<br style="">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">The plot is
thickening.<br>
<br>
It’s not “IE *<i>ag-</i> ‘to pivot’” but, according to various previous
research:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">IE *<i>aĝ-</i>
(to move, to lead, to swing, to fetch, etc.)</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> (semantically extremely wide).<br>
<br>
Here’s a sampling of derivatives:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Greek</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> άγειν <i>ágein</i> (to put into
motion, to bring in) > αγών <i>agōn</i> (assembly, arena, contest,
battleground) > αγωνία <i>agōnía</i> (fighting method, fighting contest,
battle, death battle, agony), αγυιά <i>agyiά</i> (way, road)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Latin</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> <i>agere</i> (to put into motion,
to act, to lead), <i>āctus</i> (motion, deed, act), <i>agens, agentem</i>
(acting (one)), <i>ager</i> ((working) field), <i>agēa</i> (nautical
course); probably also <i>agitāre</i> (to put into motion, to excite) > French <i>agiter</i> > English "agitate"</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">My
suggestions:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Sanskrit</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="HI">अक्-</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: "Sanskrit 2003"; color: black;" lang="HI"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">ak-</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> (to move laboriously), </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Mangal;" lang="HI">अक्ष्-</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="HI"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">akş-</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> (to pass through, to reach)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">> IE
*<i>aĝ-es-</i> (pivot, axis = "moving point")</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> (as discussed previously)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
Seattle, USA</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""> </span></p>
<p>
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