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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 24 March 2009 - Volume 01<br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">From: R. F.
Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology<br>
<br>
Lowlanders,<br>
<br>
I'm interested in verbs derived from the noun "knee" and its
cognates.<br>
<br>
English has two such verbs derived from "knee":</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p>
<ul><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Germanic *<i>knewa</i> ><br></span>English and
Scots (<i>cnéow </i>>) <b>knee</b><br>Frisian (<i>kniu</i>, <i>knî, knê</i>)<br>Saxon (OS <i>knio ~ kneo</i> >) <i>Knee</i> (<i>kney</i>)<br>Limburgish: <i>knee</i><br>Dutch <i>knie</i><br>German (OG <i>chniu ~ kneo</i> > MG <i>kniu ~ knie</i> >) <i>Knie</i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
(cf. Greek <i>γόνυ</i>, Sanskrit </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="HI">जानु</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="HI"> </span><i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">jānu</span></i>)<br></li></ul><p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><i>
</i><b>=></b></span></p>
<ul><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;">(OE <i>cnéowian
</i>>) <b>to knee</b> = "to hit with one's knee", rarely/formerly also
"to rest on one's knees"</span><br>Frisian (OF <i>knîga</i>)<br>Saxon <i>kneen</i> (<i>kneyen</i> < German?)<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>Limburgish <i>kneje</i><br>German (OG <i>chniuwen</i>, <i>knewen > </i>MG <i>kniuwen</i>, <i>kniewen</i>,
<i>knien ></i>)<i> knien</i></span></li></ul>
<ul><li><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">(OE <i>cnéowlian</i>
> ME <i>cneolen</i> >) English and Scots <b>to kneel</b> = "to rest
on one's knees"</span><br>Saxon (MS <i>knelen ></i>) <i>knelen</i> (<i>kneylen</i>)<br>Dutch <i>knielen</i><br style=""></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">
I can find
forms with <i>-l-</i> only in Low German (i.e. Dutch and Low Saxon) besides English and Scots. Can
any of you find cognates in other language varieties?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Now, some
of you may remember what I often say about the suffix <i>-I-</i> in Germanic:
originally at least, it marked the frequentive or iterative, series of many
"small" actions (such as in "hand" > "handle",
"jug" > "juggle", "jig" >
"jiggle", "suck" > "suckle", and many examples
in related languages as well).<br>
<br>
So I am wondering if (OE <i>cnéowlian</i> > ME <i>cneolen</i> >) English
and Scots "to kneel" as well as Dutch <i>knielen</i> and Low Saxon <i>knelen</i> (<i>kneylen</i>) originally, possibly at very early stages or even before that meant
</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">"to go down on one's knees several times (as in early
worship or as series of kneeling and prostrations in Islam and Buddhism)" while "to knee" meant </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">"to rest on one's knees".<br>
<br>
What do you think?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<i></i></span></p>
<p>
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