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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="PT-BR">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 12 April 2009 - Volume 03<br>
===========================================</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
From: <span class="gd"><span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc.</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:roger.thijs@euro-support.be">roger.thijs@euro-support.be</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L Travel</span><br>
<br>
When you are in Brussels it is worthwile to spend some time at the Royal-Museum
for mid-Africa in Tervuren.</p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Tervuren
got its name from Ter-Vure with Voer being a little river discharging in the
river Dijle.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Tervuren is
adjacent to the Zonienwoud</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonian_Forest" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonian_Forest</a></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">an old
forest South of Brussels that miraculously survived agricultural and urban
development.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">It had a
residence castle of the dukes of Brabant since
the end of the 12th century.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">A new castle was constructed for prince Willem-Hendrik of
the Netherlands.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">After the
Belgien revolution Charlotte, the former empress
of Mexico
lived here, till the castle burned down in 1879.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">King
Leopold II contructed at the turn of the 19e-20e century a "colonial
palace" at the site, and later a "colonial musem" in the park.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">It is easy
to reach:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- From
within Brussels
take the central <strong>metro line nr 1</strong>
(direction Stokkel) till the station called "<strong>Montgommery</strong>" Get an underground
connection with <strong>Tram 44</strong>
(direction Tervuren) </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[Attention;
there are 3 underground stations at Montgommery; one for Metro line 1, a second
for tram lines 23,24,25 North-South and a third for tramlines 39 and </span></em><strong><i><span style="font-size: 11pt;">44 to the East</span></i></strong><em><span style="font-size: 11pt;">; further on street level there are
stops for trams 81 and 83, and for busses 22;27, 61 an 80]</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size: 11pt;">[Attention:
in the week-ends there are also running some very old trams on line 44. They
are serviced in 2 sections: Montgommery to the Trammuseum midway and Trammuseum
till Tervuren]</span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The
Terminus is at 300 m from the museum. Cross the road to Leuven,
and enter the museum at your left from within the park.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">(The park
is very large an one can walk for hours in it)</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">It is now
called "<strong>Middle Africa",</strong>
no longer "Colonial" nor "Congolese-Zairese" for political
reasons.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">It has
several sections with art, utensils, fauna, flora, and a complete illustrated
history.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">One of the
documents shown made me think of what happened in Manhattan: it is a document transferring the
territory to king Leopold II, singed by a couple of chiefs who could not
read nor write. I guess this was consistent with legal requirements of that
time.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">History is
always embellished: not very much of the abuse in Leopolds time is shown, quite
a lot is shown about the battles against Arab slave traders.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The museum
has a little restaurant, that serves 8 different warm African dishes.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">I had a <strong>Moambe</strong> value meal, since it includes
for 16.20 euro a <strong>Mongozo </strong>beer
(value 3.50 euro).</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">For
Moambo you get 2 large pieces of chicken fried in palm oil,
served with <strong>saka saka</strong>
(manioc leaf, looks like spinach when served), rice, some peanuts and a sliced
banana. The slices of banana are natural, (not black-fried as in many African
restaurants downtown). The sauce is served separately, and that is very good,
since it is extremely hot. It looks like chips of very hot pepper swimming
in palm oil.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">For <strong>saka saka</strong> see: <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_congolaise" target="_blank">http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_congolaise</a></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">One finds <strong>Mongozo</strong> as a Belgian? Beer on url <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_marques_de_bi%C3%A8res" target="_blank">http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_marques_de_bières</a> </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">it says
"(bière Fairtrade Max Havelaar) : banana, coconut, palmnut ou quinua
".</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The bottle
I had indicated it was brewed from palmnut. It looked like brown trappist and
tasted just a bit less sweet.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">I heard a
lot of German spoken in the canteen. Tervuren is adjacent to Wezembeek-Oppen,
with a significant German presence and with its German school: <a href="http://www.dsbruessel.be/" target="_blank">http://www.dsbruessel.be/</a></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Germans see
their presence in Belgium
as an opportunity for their kids to learn French (in a Flemish
municipality!!!). For Dutch there is very little interest. They do not realise
Dutch may give them some entry to North German culture. But I guess that hardly
interests them.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The museum
has a little book shop; and I found some interesting things:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- Dirk
Huylebrouck, <strong>Afrika+Wiskunde</strong><em> (Africa and Mathematics),</em> 2005, Brussels, VUB-Press, ISBN
10-90-5487-380-9, 304 pp, euro 19.20</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Some
counting systems were with basis 5 as e.g; with the Yasayama:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">1 = <strong>omoko</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">2 = bafe ..</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">5 = lioke</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">6 = lioke l<strong>omoko</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">others with
4 and 6 where 4x6 or 24 takes the role of our 10</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Several use
a 12 based system: 12 had the advantage that it has more dividers than 10.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">e.g.Â
with the Koro people:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">1 = <strong>alo</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">2 = abe ..</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">12 =
agowizu</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">13 - pl<strong>alo</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Ron, the
"<strong>Ham</strong>" people
use apparently the same system, unfortunately the book does not list their
vocabulary.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The book
also illustrates with photographs how one counted with one's fingers in some of
these systems.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">I just
selected some easy examples.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- (Jean-Luc
Vellut and others) <strong>Het geheugen van Congo, de
koloniale tijd</strong>, Snoeck and Museum voor Midden-Afrika, 2005,
ISBN 90-5349-540-1, 271 pp., 39 euro (large size, tick paper).</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">p 150-154
Michael Meeuwis deals with the distribution of the local languages. There has
been an intellectual war between Van Bulck and Hulstaert. Both maps are from
1948 and they are both reproduced in a very readable print.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Van Bulck
needs 20 colors for Bantu languages and 13 for languages belonging to other
groups.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Hulstaert needs
29 colors for Bantu languages and 18 for languages belonging to other groups.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">It is
interesting to add the map p 147 with population density.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Curious is
also a multi-color card reproduced p 187, made by Broca, 1824-1880 for
classifying the color of people's skin.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- <strong>Natuur en cultuur in de Demokratische Republiek Congo</strong>, 2004, Koninklijk Museum
voor Midden-Afrika, ISBN 90-75894-6-94, 160 pp, 20 euro (was published for the
occasion of an exhibition in the Unesco
Building in Paris in september 2004)</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">p; 89-107
deals with language issues</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- the map
p. 90 gives the distribution of the national languages:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">-- <strong>Lingala:</strong> North - North-West (reaching
Kinshasa)</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">-- <strong>Kikongo</strong>: South-West</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">-- <strong>Tshiluba</strong>: Center - Center-South</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">-- <strong>Kiswahili:</strong> East and South-East (Katanga)</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">the map p
91 lists the spoken languages, just names positioned on the map, without an
individual territorial border for each of them. The map gives:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">--
212 Bantu languages</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">--
21 Soedanese languages (North-East)</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">--
13 Ubangese languages (North)</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">André
Motingea Mangulu of the Pedagogical Institute of Kinshasa writes p
92-99 about his study of languages in the Congo bassin (Center-North).</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Problems he
has include:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- people
refusing to speak their language because they want an ethic reclassfication</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">- languages
to be be recomposed by extraction from languages that are "mixed"
nowadays.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Actually
local history is essential in his study (internal migrations and mixing)</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Some URLs:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Municipality</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> of Tervuren</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://www.tervuren.be/" target="_blank">http://www.tervuren.be</a></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">The museum</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://www.africamuseum.be/" target="_blank">http://www.africamuseum.be/</a></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Regards,</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Roger</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
•
<p>
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