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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center"><a name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a name="OLE_LINK3"><span style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="PT-BR">===========================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 13 April 2009 - Volume 03<br>
===========================================</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><span style=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">From: <span class="gd"><span style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Hellinckx Luc</span></span><span class="gi">
</span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>></span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Etymology"</span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Beste
Marlou,<br>
<br>
You wrote:<br style="">
<br style="">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Was steckt da alles drin? "Schicht" kommt doch
von "scheiden", von<br>
"auseinanderhalten" also. Ob da das "schehen" aus
"ge-schehen" mit drin ist,<br>
weiß ich nicht sicher, aber möglich ist es, besonders wenn man bedenkt, dass<br>
sich das Ge-schehene in Ge-schichte wandelt. "Schichtig kieken"
würde dann<br>
bedeuten "Sehen, was geschieht", "Zukünftiges auseinanderhalten
können". Am<br>
Ende ist in "Schicht" ganz einfach die "Sicht" drin?!
"Sichtig kieken" würde<br>
ja keiner weiteren Erläuterung mehr bedürfen.<br>
<br>
Kann ein begabter Spökenkieker mich über die Tragweite von
"Schicht"<br>
aufklären? </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Danke!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">"Schichtig"
also exists in Dutch with the same meaning: swift, shy. Ultimately derives from
"geschieden" (D), "geschehen" (G), whose basic meaning must
have been "to happen lightning fast" (cf. Dutch word for thunderbolt
= bliksemschicht). The meaning "shy" may have partially been
influenced by "schüchtern" (G), "schuchter" (D), but this
is ultimately a different word.<br>
Even though the English verb "to shift" looks like a perfect cognate
(both semantically and phonetically)...it is not. "to shift",
"to shed" ~ "scheiden" (G).<br>
Also unrelated is "to skip". Both "to shift" and "to
skip" seem to denote a sudden swift movement...but alas...no etymological
relationship.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Kind
greetings,<br>
<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br>
Luc Hellinckx</span><br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: Hannelore Hinz < <a href="mailto:HanneHinz@t-online.de" target="_blank">HanneHinz@t-online.de</a>></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Subject:
LL-L "Etymology" 2009.04.13 (01) [German]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Ja, liebe Lowlands,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> ich bin schon da, mitgebracht Wossidlo/Teuchert
Mecklenburgisches Wörterbuch.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Das Wort <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">schichten</span></strong>
Auslegungen wie</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">1.a. Spr. (Sprache) einen Vergleich anstellen, bes. bei
der Erbteilung:'darmede schal he geschichtet unde gescheiden wezen van minem
Wive' (aus einem Testament 1406) D. SCHRÖD.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">2. Steine u.ä. aufschichten; refl.:<em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Feldsteen würden reigenwis' henleggt, so dat se sick
schichten deden.</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">3. die Zähne wechseln, die Milchzähne verlieren. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Scherzhaft nach dem Verlieren der Zähne im Alter: <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">he hett to'n tweeten Mal schicht't</span></em>; unter
Hinweis auf eine Zahnlücke sagte ein alter Mann <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">viellicht mag ick jo ok noch schichten;</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">von Tieren: <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">bi 't
tweit Kalben sünd de Starken noch nich mit dat Schichten farig</span></em>; </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">die Schafe <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">nah 't
föfft Johr schichten se nich mihr.</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">4. in etwas hineingeraten: <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">wenn Junggesellen in dei Leiw schichten.</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">5. </span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Zss.: <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">af-, dörch-, inschichten. </span></em>Vgl. <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">schiften. </span></em></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Mnd. <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">schichten.</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Schichter Spr. Geldwechsler</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">schichtig: abwechselnd, umschichtig. Zss.: <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">ein-, üm-, witschichtig. </span></em>Mnd. <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">schichttich.</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Das zweite Gesicht. Dort ziemlich mittig: "Kann hei
schichtig kieken?" Mir kommt der Gedanke, ein Vergleich, als
spräche er mit zwei Zungen...</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Ich möchte auch meinen, daß <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">schichten </span></em>von <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">scheiden </span></em>kommt, es ist aber m.E. eher ein Wechsel was
du, liebe Marlou mit "auseinanderhalten" auslegst. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">s. DUDEN Das Herkunftswörterbuch <Etymologie>
2., völlig neu bearb. u. erw. Aufl./von Günther Drosdowki. Mannheim; Wien;
Zürich: Dudenverl., 1989 (Der Duden; Bd.7) ISBN 3-411-20907-0 S.
628 unter <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Schicht</span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Und nun schlüpfe ich in die Rolle eines <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Späukenkikers </span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Späuker, </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">1. Spukgestalt;
elend aussehender Mensch; alter magerer Hammel; Schelte für einen schlecht gekleideten
elenden Menschen. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">2. jem., der sich für spuk interessiert; der fest an Spuk
glaubt:<em><span style="font-family: Arial;"> de Hollanner is 'n dullen Spöker.</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Späukenkiker </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">ist ein
Gespensterseher: <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">müßt ick irst tau 'm
Späukenkiker warden.</span></em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Spökenkiker </span></em><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">können in der <em><span style="font-family: Arial;">Olljohrsnacht</span></em> auf dem Kirchhof alle
diejenigen sehen, die im neuen Jahr sterben werden. (Güstrow). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE">Ohah, dor will ick nicks nich von weiten. HH (ick)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Best'
Gräuten.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">Hanne</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;"><br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="IT"><a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank"><span style="" lang="EN-US">sassisch@yahoo.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">> <br>
Subject: Etymology<br>
<br>
Hi, Marlou!<br>
<br>
You wondered about the connection between the Low Saxon verb <i>schichten</i>
in the sense of what a <i>Spökenkieker</i> (“spook looker” = person with psychic abilities) does. I
can only offer an educated guess.<br>
<br>
As you know, the noun <i>Schicht</i> basically means ‘layer’, ‘stratum’, and in
addition the meaning the cognate “shift” has in English: ‘work time division’.
This is similar in the case of Dutch <i>schift</i>, which is derived from
Middle Dutch <i>schicht</i>. In North Frisian we have <i>skeft</i> for ‘layer’
and <i>skaft</i> for ‘team of workers (working a certain shift)’. (The sounds <i>ch</i>
and <i>f</i> often alternate among the Lowlands languages, as they do in <i>Graft</i>
and <i>gracht</i>, and in the case of English “laugh”.)<br>
<br>
The verb <i>schichten</i> can mean ‘to stack’, i.e. “to make layers”. As has
been mentioned already, there is the idea of “division” and “dividing” involved
here, as layers are really divisions, and a work shift is a division of time.
So, inherent is also the semantic value of “to divide”.<br>
<br>
I have the feeling that the English noun “(work) shift” is of foreign (Middle
Dutch or, more likely, Middle Saxon) origin, for it appears in writing
no earlier than in the 14th century and gathers strength in the 15th century.
(I have in mind Hanseatic trading contacts that gave English words like “trade” and “mate”?)<br>
<br>
On the other hand, the verb “to shift” appears already in Old English as <i>sciftan</i>
in the sense of ‘to divide’, ‘to put in order’, the basic sense shared with
cognates in related languages. Old Frisian <i>skifta</i> took on the meanings ‘to decide’
and ‘to test’, but Dutch, Low Saxon and German kept using <i>schichten</i>
predominantly in the sense of ‘to classify’, which inherently means ‘to
divide’.<br>
<br>
What is rather interesting is that in the 14th century English starts
semantically extending “to shift” to mean ‘to move’, ‘to change’. This happened
around the time when the noun “(work) shift” appears in English. This may be no
coincidence. I am suggesting that both the introduction of the noun and the
semantic extension of the already existing English verb happened under Low German
(Dutch or Saxon) influence. Middle Dutch <i>schichten</i> ~ <i>schiften</i>
could in fact be used in the sense of ‘to turn’ (<= “examine for
classification”?); so the sense of “change” is there. In Low Saxon dialects of
Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg you get the
noun <i>Schichtentiet</i> (<i>schichtentyd</i>) in the sense of ‘teething
(period)’ of a child, a period often referred to as <i>Zahn<u>wechsel</u></i>
(“tooth <u>change</u>”) in German. So again there is the idea of “change”.
Personally I believe that English borrowed the noun “shift” in the specific
sense of “working time division” with the inherent idea of “change” (i.e.
“change of shift”) which then caused the already existing verb “to shift” to be
extended to “to change (time/turn or place)” and the noun became strengthened
in its meaning of “change” or “movement (from one thing to another)”. In many
English dialects you can use “to shift” in the sense of “to move (house)”.<br>
<br>
Now how do psychics come into the picture? My hunch is that the idea of
“change” is basic here, namely the idea of shifting (= changing) from one
type of consciousness to another. We are dealing with people who are supposedly able to
transport themselves mentally (or psychically) to another dimension, so to
speak. Oftentimes they do so by going into trance, in which case their everyday
waking functions are set aside while their minds (or souls) visit another
sphere. This is part and parcel of shamanism all over the world. In Europe the pre-Christian practice remained alive but was mostly
hidden from the eyes of the Church. But until more recent times even the most devout
of Christians did not doubt that this largely prohibited psychic practice was possible, real
and effective.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
Seattle, USA</span></p>
<p>
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