<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 14 June 2009 - Volume 01<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Encoding: Unicode (UTF-08)</span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
<span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Language Codes: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/codes.php">lowlands-l.net/codes.php</a></span><br>===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Jacqueline Bungenberg de Jong</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:Dutchmatters@comcast.net">Dutchmatters@comcast.net</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.06.13 (07) [EN]</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">
<br>
</span>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" lang="NL">To Ron Re Sanskrit Maha: Ach mein Himmel!. Jacqueline</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">M.-L. Lessing</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:marless@gmx.de">marless@gmx.de</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span class="gI"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.06.13 (08) [EN]</span><br><br></span><div style="font-family: times new roman,serif;">
<font size="4">Hello Reinhard,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: times new roman,serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: times new roman,serif;"><font size="4">my parents, especially my mother
(Elbmärscher Platt) often used the adjective "resch" to characterize a brusque,
energetic, short-spoken person: "Sie hat so eine resche Art", "Sie war schon in
ihrer Jugend eine spröde, resche Person, aber bildschön...". It was mostly used
for women (perhaps men were welcome to be resch, but women weren't :-)), but not
always in a derogatory sense, sometimes with a certain appreciation. It seems
this word is a close relative of "risch", or maybe just another way of
spelling.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: times new roman,serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: times new roman,serif;"><font size="4">Hartlich!</font></div>
<div style="font-family: times new roman,serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: times new roman,serif;"><font size="4">Marlou</font></div><br><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">------------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Mike Morgan</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:mwmosaka@gmail.com">mwmosaka@gmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.06.13 (07) [EN]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">First off, this same /mahā-/ also finds its place in महाराष्ट्र</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
MahārāSTra 'Maharashtra' -- literally 'greaｔ country', the Indian</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
state of which Mumbai (aka Bombay) is the capital.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Second, a few additions/modifications to the dicussion of the secodn</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
element of हिमालय /Himālaya/, meaning 'place (or if you wish to sound</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
high-falutin' 'abode') of snow'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
The हिम- /him-/ as noted is the Sanskritic root /him-/ 'snow' and the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
/-ālaya/ is a common Sanskritic lexical suffix meaning 'place of'. In</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
addtion to महालय /mahālaya/ 'great place' and महाभारत /Mahābhārat/</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
literally 'Great Bharat (a word which now translates as India)' which</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
R/R cites, are also (to name but a few): पुस्तकालय /pustakālaya/</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
'library' from पुस्तक /pustak/ 'book'; भोजनालय /bhojanālaya/</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
'cafeteria' from भोजन /bhojan/ 'dinner'; कार्यालय /kāryālaya/ 'office'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
from कार्य /kārya/ 'work'... and hundreds of others in common</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
circulation.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
As for Nepali हिमल /himal/ which R/R also cites, this is also a</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Sanskritism (the Nepali for 'snow' is हिउँ /hiuM/), and is an</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
adjectival form, literally 'snowy'. My favorite example of the</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
adjectival suffix /-al/ (whose long grade /-āl/ MAY be found in</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
/-ālaya/??) is taken from a brand of icecream popular when I lived in</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Nepal (V.S. 2035-2036); despensing with etymologies, the brand was</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Shital ... reanalyzed in those less-hygenic times as an appropriate</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
English brand-name having a space after the /t/ and an additional /l/</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
;-)</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
mike || U C > || мика || माईक || マイク || ሚካኤል</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" id=":102" class="ii gt">+++++<br>
(( Michael W Morgan, PhD ))<br>
to be Assistant Professor in Linguistics<br>
Ethiopian Sign Language & Deaf Studies Program<br>
Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia)<br>
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br>
וואָס לענגער אַ בלינדער לעבט, אַלץ מער זעט ער.<br>
The longer a blind man lives, the more he sees.</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology<br><br>Thanks, you "guys"!<br><br>Jacqueline, was that <i>Himmel</i> or <i>himal</i>?<br><br>Marlou, I have no doubt that <i>resch</i> is a dialectical variant of <i>risch</i>. In certain words, mid and high vowels alternate according to dialect, for instance in <i>bit ~ bet</i> 'until', 'up to', <i>gissen ~ gessen</i> 'to guess', </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ingel ~ Engel</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'angel', and </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ingelsch ~ Engelsch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'English'.</span><br>
<br>(Is this a very old thing? Consider the English spelling and pronunciation of "English", "England" etc.)<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">While maybe not perfect, "brusque" seems like a good equivalent of <i>risch ~ resch</i>, I feel.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Which leads me to a Low Saxon adjective-adverb with a similar meaning: (French </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">force</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> > Late Middle Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">forsche</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> >) </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">foorsch ~ fuursch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> which is one of many Low Saxon words imported into German (where it is </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">forsch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Another such Low Saxon adjective-adverb is </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">basch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">. I don't yet know its etymology.</span> From French <i>bas</i> 'low' perhaps?<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">As you can tell, such Low Saxon words tend to have </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-sch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> at the end. I assume it is the equivalent of German </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-isch and English </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">"-ish", originally denoting something like "in the manner of ..." or just "like ..." or "...-like", thus probably related to </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-esc-</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> in Romance languages (such as Italian </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tedesco</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'German', and in English words of French provenance such as "grotesque" and "picturesque"). In the case of </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">foorsch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (see above) I assume that it came to be reanalyzed as a </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-sch</i> word.<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Other such examples:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">däänsch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'Danish'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">franksch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'Frankish'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">fransch </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">'French'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">poolsch </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">'Polish'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">hollandsch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'Dutch'</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">fiensch ~ füünsch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'angry' (from </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Fiend</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'fiend', 'enemy')</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">(</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">küürsch </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">>) </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">krüüsch </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">'picky (with food)' (from </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Küür </i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">'choice')</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The old </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">-i-</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> surfaces after /s/, as in </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">sassisch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'Saxon', sometimes not, as in </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">freesch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (not </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">*fresisch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">) 'Frisian' and </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">chineesch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (not </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">*chinesisch</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">) 'Chinese'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In English, adjectival-adverbial "-ish" is used similarly, not only as in "Danish", "Polish" etc., but also in words such as "peckish", "sluggish", "selfish", "childish", "mannish", 'devilish" and "fiendish". Informally, it remains an impromptu active lexical morpheme, as in "noonish" (around noon), "It'll be ninish by the time he's done", "Don't I look fattish in this dress?", "Your intro is a bit on the longish side."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br>
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