<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 24 June 2009 - Volume 01<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
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===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" lang="NL">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Etymology<br><br>Dear Lowlanders,<br><br>I'm intrigued by the Scots verb <i>coff</i> 'to buy' (ealier also 'to trade'), past tense <i>coft</i>. An earlier variant of 'to buy' in Scots is <i>cofe</i>, with a long /o/, for the nominal form of 'buy', 'purchase', 'trade', 'bargain'.<br>
<br>Clearly it is related to words for 'to buy' in other Germanic languages. The /f/ occurs in German <i>kauf-</i> and Yiddish <i>kouf- ~ koyf</i>, both meaning 'buy'. Middle German has </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">kouf-</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">According to the </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Oxford English Dictionary</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">coff</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> is likely to come from Middle Dutch </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">côp(en)</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, namely from the past tense of older (and still dialectical) Dutch </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">koft(e)</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (now mostly </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">kocht(e)</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">) or the past participial form, which however, would be </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">gekoft</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (now </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">gekocht</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In Low Saxon, the past tense form of </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">kop(en)</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> is </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">köff ~ koff</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> and the past participial form is </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">köft ~ koft</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (Middle Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">gekoft</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> ~ </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">gecoft</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Of course it stands to reason that a Dutch connection be assumed, considering Dutch shipping trade with Britain and Dutch-speaking immigration to Britain, especially to Wales and Scotland. However, we mustn't forget Saxon-speaking Hanseatic trade with the English and Scotland.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Earlier Scots also has the </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">coff</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> or </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">coffe</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> for 'dishonest rogue', also 'hawker', apparently from the canting word </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">coff</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'man', 'guy'. Might this be connected with the word for 'buy' or 'trade', perhaps in the sense of 'trading partner'?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">What cant? Is it Thieves' Cant (a.k.a. Rogues' Cant)? I suppose so, because it has </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">cove</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'man', 'fellow'. I can't find a possible equivalent in Romany, the most obvious source.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Any ideas on any of the above?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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