<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 25 June 2009 - Volume 05<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
<span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Encoding: Unicode (UTF-08)</span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Language Codes: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/codes.php">lowlands-l.net/codes.php</a></span><br>
===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Andy Eagle</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:andy@scots-online.org">andy@scots-online.org</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.06.24 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ron wrote:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
I'm intrigued by the Scots verb *coff* 'to buy' (ealier also 'to trade'),<br>
</blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
past tense *coft*. Â An earlier variant of 'to buy' in Scots is *cofe*, with</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
a long /o/, for the nominal form of 'buy', 'purchase', 'trade', 'bargain'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Clearly it is related to words for 'to buy' in other Germanic languages. The<br>
</blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
/f/ occurs in German *kauf-* and Yiddish *kouf- ~ koyf*, both meaning 'buy'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Middle German has *kouf-*.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
According to the *Oxford English Dictionary*, *coff* is likely to come from<br>
</blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Middle Dutch *côp(en)*, namely from the past tense of older (and still</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
dialectical) Dutch *koft(e)* (now mostly *kocht(e)*) or the past participial</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
form, which however, would be *gekoft* (now *gekocht*).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
In Low Saxon, the past tense form of *kop(en)* is *köff ~ koff* and the past<br>
</blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
participial form is *köft ~ koft* (Middle Saxon *gekoft* ~ *gecoft*).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Of course it stands to reason that a Dutch connection be assumed,<br>
</blockquote><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
considering Dutch shipping trade with Britain and Dutch-speaking immigration</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
to Britain, especially to Wales and Scotland. However, we mustn't forget</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Saxon-speaking Hanseatic trade with the English and Scotland.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Apparently only the form coft was used originally, assumed to be from
Middle Dutch cofte the p.t. and p.p. of the v. copen, to buy. I imagine
it was used by Scots when haggling over the price of goods with Dutch
(or Low Saxon) traders, and when an acceptable price was mentioned, the
Scots said 'coft' i.e. 'bought' to let the seller know they had made a
sale. It perhaps then started to be used more widely as slang,
eventually becoming part of the general vernacular. Since many Scots
verbs form the p.t and pp. with 't', for example fuff > fufft, sauf
> sauft, skiff > skifft, swarf > swarft, waff > wafft etc.,
the back-formation 'coff' came about by analogy.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" color="#888888">
<br>
Andy </font><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" lang="NL">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Etymology<br><br>Thanks, Andy. That's useful.<br><br>I have a sneaking suspicion we are talking about Low Saxon contact here, perhaps very late Hanseatic when in the everyday language of some dialects the past participial prefix <i>ge-</i> began to be dropped.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The reason why I say this is because I don't think you use the past tense in sealing a deal; you use the past participial, as in a different context in English "Done!" rather than "Did!" In German you would expect </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">*Gekauft!</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> rather than *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Kaufte!</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> to mean something like "Deal!"</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">So in (Late Middle) Dutch I would expect *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Gekoft!</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> (> *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Gekocht!</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">), in colloquial Northern (Late Middle) Saxon </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">*Koft! ~ *</i><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Köft!</i><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
•
<p>
==============================END===================================
<p>
* Please submit postings to lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org.
<p>
* Postings will be displayed unedited in digest form.
<p>
* Please display only the relevant parts of quotes in your replies.
<p>
* Commands for automated functions (including "signoff lowlands-l")
<p>
are to be sent to listserv@listserv.linguistlist.org or at
<p>
http://linguistlist.org/subscribing/sub-lowlands-l.html.
<p>
*********************************************************************