<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 24 July 2009 - Volume 02<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
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===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc.</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:roger.thijs@euro-support.be">roger.thijs@euro-support.be</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Language history" 2009.07.23 (02) [EN]<br><br></span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font size="2">* > From: <span><span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc.</span> <span><<a href="mailto:roger.thijs@euro-support.be" target="_blank">roger.thijs@euro-support.be</a>></span></span><br>
>
Subject: </font><font size="2"><span>LL-L "Morphology" 2009.07.23 (01)
[EN]<br>> </span>Auteur(s)/Redactie:Â Â Cajot, J.<div class="im"><br>> Gansen
titel: Â Een toonloze enclave in polytoon gewaand gebied; Een les in
structurele fonologie?<br></div>> Oetgaof: Â in: Jaarboek 3 van de Verenging
voor Limburgse Dialect- en Naamkunde, Hasselt, 2001, 71-78 <strong><font color="#ff0000"><-- <-- read 71-88</font></strong></font><div class="im">
<div><font size="2">> I only
have the publication of Cajot at home. He shows that in an enclave grouping some
municipalities, at the South-East of Belgian Limburg adjacent to the walloon
language border, tonality is lost.</font></div></div></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">** >
</font><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><font size="2">From: R. F. Hahn
<</font><a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank"><font size="2">sassisch@yahoo.com</font></a><font size="2">><br>> Subject: Language
history</font></span><div class="im"><br><font size="2">> I've been mulling this one over for
ages. We are basically talking about a "simple" falling tone, or
<i>sjtoettoen</i> ("pushing tone"), in contrast with the
<i>sjleiptoen</i></font></div></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">I scanned the
article of Cajot and left it for a brief while on my website:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/cajot/71.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/cajot/71.jpg</a><br>through<br><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/cajot/88.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/cajot/88.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Cajot does not
explain where the tonality came from,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">but studies
for 16 word samples <strong>how the vowel system changed in the enclave
where tonality is lost</strong>.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">The
result:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/cajot/80.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/cajot/80.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">I don't know
whether this phenomenon helps to explain for other cases where tonality is
eventually lost.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Some personal reflections:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">- It is not
easy to get rid of a tonal way of speaking. I left Limburg since 30 years and I
think I lost most of it, especially when speaking Dutch, but I often am still
recognized as Limburgish</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">- Non
Limburgish people consider the Limburgish speaking pattern as silly, making
Limbugians feel like the little black chicken in a population of whites 'The
black one generally does not survive for very long.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">- As youngster
we went each fall tasting the Rheingau in Rüdeshein (West of Wiesbaden).
Contrary to Belgians they had sympathy for our way of speaking. They considered
us as Luxembourgians though. Actually we were clearly identifyable as not-German
speakers and we spoke with a pattern similar to dialects at the North of
the Hunsrück.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">P.S. I found
some abstracts from a conference dealing with the subject:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Book of
Abstracts - Workshop Leiden 2003 "<strong>The tone accents: How and
Why</strong>"<br><a href="http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/ulcl/events/confs/2003/FTA/ftaabs.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/ulcl/events/confs/2003/FTA/ftaabs.pdf</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Regards,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Roger<br><br>----------<br><br></font>From: <span class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);"><a href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a></span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a>></span></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gI">LL-L "Language history" 2009.07.23 (03) [EN]<br></span><br>from Heather Rendall <a href="mailto:heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk" target="_blank">heatherrendall@tiscali.co.uk</a>
<p>re the ongoing discussion about tonal languages</p>
<p>Is the difference between southern Welsh and the rest of Wales, especially the north, that it is tonal?</p>
<p>And if so, where would this have originated?</p>
<p>I know that central Wales was (mainly) Brythonic whereas the 'horns'
of Wales , North and South, Â remained (mainly) Goidelic or were
repopulated by Goidels (Irish Celts) but the distinctive Welsh lilt in
South Wales is not heard in the north, so it doesn't seem as though its
roots were in Goidelic. Or......? </p>
<p>Could its presence be another indication that (some) celtic langauges/dialects were tonal?</p>
<p>Heather</p>----------<br><br>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Language history<br><br>Thank you very much, Roger and Heather!<br><br>Roger, I have copied the material you kindly posted, and I look forward to studying it when I get time. Just by skimming across it I get the impression that Cajot's thesis is that certain Frankish varieties are more conservative in that they <b>preserve</b> tonality that elsewhere has been lost.<br>
<br>Your thoughts about the Welsh situation and Celtic in general is very interesting, too, Heather.<br>
<br>
By the way, to the ears of Germans elsewhere, too, there is this
Rhenish "lilt", even in the speech of people whose home dialects cannot
be classified as tonal. So there is an areal feature here. Might a noticeable "lilt" -- as also mentioned by Heather in a certain Welsh region, and as I had mentioned in connection with Alemannic, especially Upper and Uppermost Alemannic -- indicate that we are dealing with remnants of tonality? Let's go way out on the branch and ask this: might <b>all</b> early Germanic varieties have been tonal and Scandinavian and a few Frankish varieties have retained tonality? <br>
<br>
Many, many of the world's languages are tonal, not only in Eurasia but
also throughout Africa and the Americas. "Tonality" in connection with
language means that differences in pitch convey different meanings, which is not the same as intonation.<br>
<span class="gI"><br>
</span>Tonality is definitely not unheard of in Indo-European. Aside from the said Germanic varieties, we get it in Baltic (Lithuanian and Latvian), Southern Slavic and Ancient Greek. Signs of tonality are found also in some Indo-Aryan languages such as Punjabi (not counting cases like some Bengali dialects on Sino-Tibetan substrata). <br>
<br>When I first heard spoken Amdo Tibetan (used in China's Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces) there was a definite up-and-down "lilt". Later I found out that tone is not phonemic in these varieties and in Ladakhi Tibetan, while all other Tibetan varieties, including Standard Tibetan, have two phonemic tones: high and low. Again: is a "lilt" indicative of former tonality?<span class="gI"><br>
</span><br></div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
•
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