<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 03 August 2009 - Volume 06<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
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===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc.</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:roger.thijs@euro-support.be">roger.thijs@euro-support.be</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Language history" 2009.08.03 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font size="2">We touched the <strong>pre-</strong>roman Germanic presence in
Northern Belgium some days ago.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Here is some stuff about the <strong>post-Roman Germanic
presence in France</strong> (5th-7th c.)</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">While the <strong>Francs</strong> had the inland, the
<strong>Saxons</strong> had the coast of the Boulonnais and the
<strong>Frisians</strong> the Flemish coast as to:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot2.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot2.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">This area before the invasion:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot1.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot1.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">with </font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">- <strong>Thérouanne</strong> as capital of the civitas of the
<strong>Morini,</strong> later the bishopric of Thérouanne/Terwaan</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">- Cassel as capital of the civitas of the
<strong>Menapii,</strong> lost its status to Doornik/<strong>Tournai</strong>,
cf. bishopric Doornik</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">- Bavay as capital of the civitas of the
 <strong>Nervii,</strong> lost its status to <strong>Cambrai,</strong> cf.
bishopric Cambrai/Kamerijk</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">- A<strong>rras </strong>as capital of the civitas of the
<strong>Atrebates</strong> cf. bishopric Arras/Atrecht</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Charles V changed these bishoprics around 1555-1560 (aligning
them, after more then 1000 years, with the then actual political borders),
creating an enormous dissatisfaction within the catholic church.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">The same area much later in the 14th century:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot3.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/lot3.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><strong>Flanders, Hainaut, Artois, Cambrésis</strong> would
become part of the Habsburgian Netherlands</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><strong>Calais and the Guines area</strong>Â were a
English bridgehead for a very long time</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><strong>The Boulonnais and more Southern the Ponthieu</strong>
(with Abeville) remained French.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><em>(maps scanned from Manuel d'histoire régionale, dirigé par
Alain Lottin, Deux mille ans du "Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Tome I, Des Gaulois à la
veille de la Révolution, 2002, Lille, La Voix du Nord)</em></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">The germanic language border shifted to the Nord and is
actually virtually coinciding with the French-Belgian border.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Cf. map;</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/langbo.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/langbo.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><em>(map scanned from Louis Trenard, Histoire des Pays-Bas
Français, 1972, Toulouse, Privat)</em></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Many municipalities got a name with germanic elements, some
analysis of toponomy:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/5859.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/5859.jpg</a>Â
Francs</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6061.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6061.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6263.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6263.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6465.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6465.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6667.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6667.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6869.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/6869.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7071.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7071.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7273.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7273.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7475.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7475.jpg</a>Â Saxons</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7677.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/7677.jpg</a>Â Romance
suffix but Germanic root</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/78.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/78.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em><font size="2">(</font><font size="2">Scanned from Denise Poulet, Nom de
lieux du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 1997, Paris, Bonneton)</font></em></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">I don't kwow if we still have supporters of celtic languages
on the list. I just add what Poulet writes about pre-celtic and celtic elements
in local toponomy=</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/27.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/27.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/2829.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/2829.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/3031.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/3031.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/34.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/34.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/3637.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/3637.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/38.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/38.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">(I skipped the pages with not relevant
illustrations)</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">For finding back the municipalities along the coast
(unfortunately not including the hamlets):</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">overview: <a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/overv.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/overv.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">arrondissements (districts) from South-West to
North-East:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Montreuil; <a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrmon.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrmon.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Boulogne, Calais; <a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arboul.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arboul.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">St Omer: <a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrst0.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrst0.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Dunkerque: <a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrdun.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/arrdun.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">(scanned from an overview inlay in "Guide Plans Littoral,
1996, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Ravet-Anceau)</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">For many French names there are also Dutch-Flemish
equivalents:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl1.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl1.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl2.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl2.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl3.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl3.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl4.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl4.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl5.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/fl5.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">In the Westhoek (arrondissement Dunkerque), some older people
still speakl West-Flemish.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><em>(scanned from; J. M. Gantois, De Zuidelijkste Nederlanden,
1967, Wilrijk, Oranje-Uitgaven)</em></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">More about Gantois. </font><font size="2"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gantois" target="_blank">http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gantois</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">In the list above Gantois does not include names with slightly
different orthography, and refers to Verschueren for a complete list of
municipalities for the Westhoek: </font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/versch.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.euro-support.be/tmp/sax/versch.jpg</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><em>(scanned from: Verschuerens Modern Woordenboek, 6e druk
met bijvoegsel tot mid 1955, vol 1, Turnhout Brepols)</em></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Regards,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Roger</font></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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