<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 04 August 2009 - Volume 03<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
<span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Encoding: Unicode (UTF-08)</span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Language Codes: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/codes.php">lowlands-l.net/codes.php</a></span><br>
===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Ronald Veenker</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:veenker@atmc.net">veenker@atmc.net</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Language varieties" 2009.08.03 (07) [EN]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I can't thank you enough for your generous supplying of information.
 It is great.  Now if I could figure out how to set my mail client to
Unicode (UTF-8) I would be all set for reading the LL-L posts. Â </span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Thanks again, Ron, I really appreciate it,</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ronald Veenker</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Emeritus Prof. of Religious Studies</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Western Kentucky University</div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Bowling Green, KY 42101<br><br><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Hi, Ronald!</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">You wrote:</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font></div><div style="margin-left: 80px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">From: Ronald Veenker <<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:veenker@atmc.net" target="_blank"><span>veenker@atmc.net</span></a>></span><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Subject: LL-L "Resources" 2009.08.03 (01) [EN]</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Dear Lowlanders,</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
My granddaughter made a trip to the Island of Föhr in May.  She
described the languages spoken there as High German, Low German and
Frisian. Â I see that the island is near the Danish/German border. Â What
do you think might be the language known as Low German and what srort
of Frisian is spoken on that island?</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
Thank you for your kindness,</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
</font><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
Ronald Veenker</font><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
Holden Beach NC</font><br style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">
USA</font><br></div>
<div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">The "original" language of the Island, called <i>Feer</i> in Frisian, is Frisian, specifically an insular North Frisian variety called <i>Fering</i>.</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">
</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">We have a Fering version of our Wren story:</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/fering.php" target="_blank">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/fering.php</a></span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">You can find a map and a list of Frisian varieties here:</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">
<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/frysk-info.php" target="_blank">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/frysk-info.php</a></span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Most
Frisian areas in Germany lost their Frisian varieties at various times
in history, and the people adopted Low Saxon ("Low German") instead,
which lately has been to a high degree replaced by (High) German.
Frisian speakers also tend to speak Low Saxon, and nowadays also
German. These Low Saxon varieties are regional dialects with added
local Frisian "color".</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">
</span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Schleswig-Holstein, and Northern Friesland in particular, </span></font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">is
an area in Germany where the largest number of autochtonous languages
and cultures rub shoulder and people are traditional conversant in more
than one local language. </span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Schleswig-Holstein,
now Germany's northernmost state, is the southernmost part of the
Jutland Peninsula and has seen both German and Danish rule. </span></font><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Danish
proficiency is, or at least used to be, fairly widespread, especially
in Schleswig, the northern half of the state close to the Danish
border. On top of it, there is a good number of native speakers of
Southern Jutish, which is also used or at least understood by some
non-Jutish people.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Many places on both sides of the border have more than one version of their names; e.g.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
</div>
<ul style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><li><b>Feer </b>(Frisian), <b>Föhr </b>(L.Sax., German), <b><span lang="da">Før</span> </b>(Danish)</li><li><b>Eiderstedt</b> (L.Sax., German), <b>Ejdersted</b> (Danish), <b>Ääderstää</b> (Frisian)</li>
<li><b>Dagebüll </b>(L.Sax., German), <b>Dagebøl </b>(Danish), <b>Doogebel </b>(Frisian)<br></li><li><b>Wraksem </b>(Frisian), <b>Wrixum </b>(L.Sax., German), <b>Vriksum </b>(Danish)</li><li><b>Neukirchen </b><b> </b>(German), <b>Niekarken</b> (L.Sax.), <b>Nykirke </b>(Danish), <b>Naischöspel </b>(Frisian)<br>
</li><li><b>Sleswig </b>(L.Sax.), <b>Schleswig </b>(German), <b>Sønderjylland ~ Slesvig</b> (Danish), <b>Synnejylland ~ Slesvig</b> (S.Jut.), <b>Slaswik ~ Sleesweg</b> (Frisian)</li><li><b>Affenråe </b>(S.Jut.), <b>Aabenraa ~ Åbenrå</b> (Danish), <b>Apenraad' ~ Apenrae</b> (L.Saxon), <b>Apenrade </b>(German)</li>
<li><b>Tynne</b> (S.Jut.), <b>Tønder</b> (Danish), <b>Tönnern</b> (L.Sax.), <b>Tondern </b>(German), <b>Tuner </b>(Frisian)<br>
</li><li><b>Flensborg</b> (L.Sax.)*, <b>Flensborg</b> (Danish)*, <b>Flensborre </b>(S.Jut.), <b>Flensburg</b> (German), <b>Flansborj </b>(Frisian)<br></li></ul><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(* same spelling but different pronunciation)</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Demographic
statistics deal with labels, and the official labels are "German",
"Danish" and "Frisian". But in Schleswig on the German side and Slesvig
on the Danish side the linguistic and ethnic picture is difficult to
devide up into labels. Yet, forced labeling has had some effect. Many
people in the region have intermarried or grown up with more than one
language as products of such intermarriages and multilingual
communities. Some people labeled "German" would have preferred Danish
rule in their area on the now German side. Some switched from the
"German" label to the "Danish" label especially in the years following
World War II. It was easy to do in that they could speak Danish,
probably had some Danish, specially Jutish, ancestors, maybe married
Danes and sent their children to Danish-speaking schools in Germany.
Besides, surnames like Petersen and Johansen are commonplace in the
region and give you no information about language and culture.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">There
is an agreement between Denmark and Germany: ethnic "Germans" in
Denmark and ethnic "Danes" in Germany enjoy minority status and are
entitled to schooling in "their languages". So government-run or
-supported Danish and German schools were established on both sides of
the border. Many children that visit(ed) these had as their home
languages neither (Standard) German nor (Standard) Danish but Low
Saxon, Southern Jutish or North Frisian. In some western areas on the
German side there are or used to be Frisian schools. But otherwise
German and Danish are the languages of education. (The schools use both
but emphasize one or the other according to their official labels.) As
a result of this and the power of the media, multi-lingualism in the
area is being eroded, German and Danish winning out and Low Saxon,
Southern Jutish and Frisian going down the drain. This is particularly
so on the Danish side where Low Saxon and Frisian have all but
disappeared in the meantime.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">What
I have learned particularly about Schleswig on the German side is that
many homegrown people of the region are still difficult to label and
that some of them are "nationally ambiguous", have at most loose
emotional association with Germany or with Germany </span><i style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">and</i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> Denmark. It has always been a linguistic and cultural crossroads, and I personally believe that makes for its special charm.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Furthermore
personally, I would have loved it if the European Union declared this
one of a few officially European "Crossroads Regions", regions that
link countries and ethnicities.</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Regards,</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Seattle, USA</span><br></div>
<br>----------<br><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="http://uk.mc264.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span></font><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Subject: Language varieties<br><br>You are more than welcome, Ronald.<br><br>I wrote it badly, and there may be a bit of confusion as a result.<br>
<br>The Islands' name in Frisian: <b>Feer</b><br>The name of the language in Frisian: <b>Fering</b><br><br></span></font>As for your problems with setting Unicode encoding in your e-mail program (whichever it is), I suggest you first try going to "View" or "Preferences" and find something about "Encoding", then select "Unicode UTF-08" or something that looks like it. If this fails, poke around in the help instructions and/or contact the service help desk.<br>
<br>Regards and best wishes,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<br><br>P.S.: Welcome to our new Lowlander in Cumbria!<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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