<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 09 August 2009 - Volume 01<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
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===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="http://uk.mc264.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology<br><br>Dear Lowlanders,<br><br>I just found in my mailbox a bunch of responses to my question about <i>vaak</i> and <i>faken</i> and other words for "often</span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">". Thank you very much. You'll find them below.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Olaf Bordasch, who used to be a LL-Ler and still monitors our proceedings, sent me to response privately:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Es gibt Adverbien, die sich aus dem Dativ eines Substantivs entwickelt haben.<br>
<br>Das Wort "Vak" bedeutet manchmal soviel wie "Zeitraum". (Vgl. niederländisch "tijdvak".)<br><br>Die ursprüngliche Bedeutung von "vaken" dürfte "über längere Zeit" bzw. "wiederholt" sein.<br>
<br>Das kurze "a" wird im Dativ gedehnt. (Vgl. westfälisch: "Guën Dag", aber "an düösen Dage".)<br><br>Literatur<br><br>Mittelniederdeutsche Grammatik von August Lübben S. 124<br><a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/mittelniederdeu00lbgoog/mittelniederdeu00lbgoog_djvu.txt" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1249836775_0">http://www.archive.org/stream/mittelniederdeu00lbgoog/mittelniederdeu00lbgoog_djvu.txt</span></a><br>
<br>Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek Von J. de Vries, F. de Tollenaere, Maaike Hogenhout-Mulder, S. 760<br><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=9_X44k9-3j8C&pg=PP19&lpg=PP19&dq=nederlands+etymologisch+woordenboek&source=bl&ots=ZOR06Hsahj&sig=q8Fx9kbmQQNTq3rhKfEowxsCtZk&hl=de&ei=yuN-StanGo7Y-QbTqJFb&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=vaak&f=false" target="_blank"><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1249836775_1">http://books.google.com/books?id=9_X44k9-3j8C&pg=PP19&lpg=PP19&dq=nederlands+etymologisch+woordenboek&source=bl&ots=ZOR06Hsahj&sig=q8Fx9kbmQQNTq3rhKfEowxsCtZk&hl=de&ei=yuN-StanGo7Y-QbTqJFb&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=vaak&f=false</span></a><br>
<br></div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In other (English) word, </span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><i>vaak</i> and <i>faken</i> go back to an adverb that developed from the dative form of a noun and in the process underwent vowe</span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">l lengthening. The noun group is represented by the noun *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">vak</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'interval', as in Dutch </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">tijdvak</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'period of time'. Thanks, Olaf!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I should add to this that there is an Old English cognate (with umlauting): </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">fæc</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> ~ </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">fec</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'interval of space or time'. In writing at least it seems to have fizzled out after the 12th century. This word is related to German </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Fach</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> denoting anything relatively small that is separated or deliniated (e.g. compartment, shelf, receptacle, ... > area of expertise, etc.). They all go back to Indo-European *</span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">păk- ~ pāk- ~ păĝ- ~ pāĝ-</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'to bind', 'to weave', 'to affix'. So I guess we are talking about creating fences again (a preoccupation among Indo-Europeans, it seems).</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
However, Henno points out Middle German </span><i style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">gevach</i><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 'in regular intervals'.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">From: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(0, 131, 145);">Jacqueline Bungenberg de Jong</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:Dutchmatters@comcast.net">Dutchmatters@comcast.net</a>></span></span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br>
Subject: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.08 (01) [EN]<br></span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ron, Re Vaak. This is
interesting. It is maybe weird to say, but on several occasions I have had the
feeling that that was an odd word ( A student may have asked about the
etymology, I do not remember). Then on Aug 3</span><sup style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">rd</sup><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">, Roger Thys gave
references to Maurits Gijsseling who poses that there was a pre-roman Germanic
language that disappeared ttp://</span><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordwestblock" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordwestblock</a><p style="margin-bottom: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I do not know in how far that
idea holds water at all, but could it? Jacqueline?</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br></span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">From: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">JL</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:zeekyker@gmail.com">zeekyker@gmail.com</a>></span></span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br>
Subject: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.08 (01) [EN]<br>
<br>
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Modern Dutch: /*vaak*//, *dikwijls*///<br>
</blockquote>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Zeeuws: dikkels</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Afrikaans: */dikwels/*<br>
</blockquote>
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
-- </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Met vriendelijke groet,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Jaap Liek</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://zeekijker.googlepages.com/" target="_blank">http://zeekijker.googlepages.com</a><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">From: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 96);">Diederik Masure</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:didimasure@hotmail.com">didimasure@hotmail.com</a>></span></span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br>
Subject: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.08 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">To us southerners "vaak" is indeed exclusively northern Dutch. Nowadays
most standard or substandard/regiolect speakers in Belgium seem to have
switched to preferring "vaak" (I use it in Dutch too, only use dikkels
in dialect), but in dialect the only option is "dikwijls", here
pronounced as "dikkels". </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
I remember from when I was younger that most people still wrote and
said dikwijls even in more formal contexts, but now 15y later "vaak"
has become dominant in Belgian standard Dutch too. At least that how it
seems to me, maybe of course Antwerp adapts such words faster than
other parts of the country. </span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Cheers, Diederik</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">----------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">From: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Roland Desnerck</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:desnerck.roland@skynet.be">desnerck.roland@skynet.be</a>></span></span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br>
Subject: </span></font><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.08 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Beste Ron en alle anderen,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Je vraagt je af of het Nederlandse woord "vaak" een
Fries substraat zou kunnen zijn.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Ter aanvulling:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">In Vlaanderen kennen we "vaak" van de school
en de boeken. We gebruiken evenwel "dikwijls".</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">In het West-Vlaams is dit dan: dikkels,
dikkers.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">"Mair of e ki" wordt ook gebruikt, d.i. meer dan
één keer.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Voor de Zuid-Afrikaanse vrienden:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">In West-Vlaanderen kennen we inderdaad de dubbele
ontkenning.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Vergelijk Frans-West-Vlaams:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Je NE viens pas: 'k En komm nie".</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Het zijn er drie in dit nu wat oubollige
West-Vlaams: 'k EN haan da NIE gepéjsd NIE wi: ik had dat zeker niet gedacht (=
verwacht), weet je. </font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">En ook: </font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">'t en is noojs gin woar: het zal toch wel niet waar
zijn?!</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">noojs nie = nooit.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">'t zien ginne nie: het zijn er geen.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Hé je hém gezien té: heb je hem gezien,
jij.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">
<div><font size="2">
<div><font size="2">En hé je hém nie gezien ténne: heb je hem niet
gezien, jij niet.</font></div></font></div>
<div><font size="2">Prof. Paardekoper maakte onlangs een zeer
uitgebreide studie over dit fenomeen.</font></div>
<div> </div></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Ostênsjhe groetsjes van 't zaitsje én
toetnoasteki,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Oostendse groetjes van de zee en tot volgende
keer.</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Roland Desnerck</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Watergangstraat 9</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">8420 De Haan</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Oostende</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">West-Vlaanderen<br><br>----------<br><br></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">From: </span></font><span class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(200, 137, 0);">Henno Brandsma</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl">hennobrandsma@hetnet.nl</a>></span></span><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br>
Subject: </span></font><span class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.08 (01) [EN]<br><br>
</span><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="http://uk.mc264.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></div>
</span></font>Subject: Etymology<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im">Dear Lowlanders,</div></span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font>I am wondering if Dutch <i>vaak</i> and Low Saxon <i>faken ~ vaken ~ faak ~ vaak</i> for 'often' have spread from Frisian substrata in these languages.<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Old English: <i><b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">oft, oftrǽde</b>, <b style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">þiclīce</b></i></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Modern English: <b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><i>often</i></b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i>, frequently</i></span></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"> </span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Old German: <i><b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">ofto, oftlīhho</b>, <b style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">dikki, dikko</b></i></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Modern German: <b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><i>oft</i></b>,<i> </i></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><i>oftmals</i></b></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im"> Old Frisian: <i><b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">faken</b>, <b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">ofta, oftalik</b></i></div>
</span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im">Modern W. Frisian: <i><b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">faak</b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">, </span><b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">faken</b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">, </span><b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">fakentiden</b></i></div>
</span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im"><i> </i></div>Modern N. Frisian: <b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><i>fäk</i></b></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im">Old Low Frankish: <b style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><i>thikko</i></b></div></span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im">
Middle Dutch: </div></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><i><b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">vaeken</b></i></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Modern Dutch: <i><b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">vaak</b></i></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><i>, <b style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">dikwijls</b></i></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"> Afrikaans: <b style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><i>dikwels</i></b></span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Limburgish: </span></font><b style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><i><font size="2">dèk, </font><font size="2">dèks</font></i></b><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Old Saxon:</span></font> <font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><i>oft</i></b>,<i> </i></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><i>ofto</i></b></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><div class="im">Middle Saxon: <b style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><i>vake, vakene</i></b><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><i>, <b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">offten</b></i></span></div>
</span></font><br><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"> Modern Low Saxon: </span></font><b><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"> </span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><i>faken ~ vaken ~ faak ~ vaak</i></span></font></b><i>, <b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">oftins, öftins</b></i><br>
<i> </i><br></div> <div style="margin-left: 40px;" class="im">Gothic:<i> <b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">ufta</b><br></i><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br>
Old Norse: <b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><i>opt</i></b></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><br>Modern Icelandic: <i><b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">oft, oftlega</b></i><br>
Modern Faroese: <i style="color: rgb(51, 102, 102);"><b>ofta</b></i><br>Dano-Norwegian</span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">: <i style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><b>ofte</b></i></span></font><br>
<font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Modern Danish: <i style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><b>ofte</b></i></span></font><br> <font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">Neo-Norwegian</span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL">: <i style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><b>ofte</b></i></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><i style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><b><br>
</b></i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Modern Swedish: </span><i style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><b>ofta</b></i></span></font><font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><i style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><b><br>
</b></i><br></span></font>What might the etymology of the <i style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><b>faak</b></i><i style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"> </i>group be? It seems to be specific to the Frisian-Dutch-Saxon group.<br> <br>
The <b style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><i>thik</i></b><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> </span>group
(which may be etymologically related to the modern "thick" group) seems
to be specific to the Frankish group but is also represented in Old
English.<br> <br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px;">The <font style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" size="2"><span style="font-size: 11pt;" lang="NL"><i><b style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">oft</b></i></span></font>
group appears to be common to all but the Low Frankish group of
language varieties. It may well be etymologically connected with word
groups like "over" (thus "excessive(ly)") and German <i>üppig</i> 'abundant', 'ample', 'copious', 'profuse'.<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px;" class="im"> <br>Thanks in advance.<br>
<br> Reinhard/Ron<br>Seatt;e, USA<br></div><div><br></div><div style="">Neffens myn etymologyske wurdboeken, komt dit wurd fan "vak", yn'e tredde fal iental. Sels Mhd. hat "gevach" foar "rigelmjittich, geregeldwei".<div>
De
âldste fynplakken wize yndie op Saksysk/Frysk as oarsprong. Yn it
Middelnederlânsk komt it benammen yn eastlike teksten foar en Kiliaen</div><div>skriuwt
dat it "Holl. Fris. Sax. Sicamb." is (it âldste wurdboek; it befettet
oarsprongsoantsjuttings), dus Hollânsk, Frysk, Saksysk, Sieuwsk.</div><div>"vak"
soe fan de romtlike betsjutting in betsjutting fan tiid krigen ha. Noch
altyd hat it Nederlânsk "tijdvak" foar "perioade". Ald Ingelsk hie ek
"fæc" foar tiidsperioade.</div><div>De tredde fal komt faker foar om in bywurd te foarmjen (fgl. "wijlen" út "wijle").</div><div><br></div><div>Groetnis,</div><div><br></div><font color="#888888"><div>
Henno Brandsma</div></font></div><br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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