<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 04 October 2009 - Volume 01<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
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===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc.</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:roger.thijs@euro-support.be">roger.thijs@euro-support.be</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Language varieties" 2009.10.03 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<font size="2">The last ones as to:</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2"><a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2009/10/02/une-diversite-linguistique-fragile_1248201_0.html" target="_blank">http://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2009/10/02/une-diversite-linguistique-fragile_1248201_0.html</a></font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Eyar:Â Mary Smith Jon</font><font size="2">es, +2008</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Manx: Ned Maddrell, +1974</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Oubykh: Tevfik Esenç, +1992</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Regards,</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">Roger</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font size="2">(from the Renaissance in Toronto, viewing in the
baseball stadium from within my room)<br><br>----------<br><br></font><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span></p>
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Subject: Language varieties<br><br>Thanks you very much, dear Roger!<br><br>Folks, above Roger </span>directs our attention to a French language newspaper article in which recently extinct languages are mentioned.<br>
<br>Here are just brief notes for those of you that need explanations.<br><br><b>Manx<br></b>Native: Yn Ghaelg<br>A descendant of Middle Irish Gaelic used on the Isle of Man<br>Wren translation: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/manx.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/manx.php</a><br>
Info: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_language">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_language</a><br><br><b>Eyak</b><br>A Na-Dené (Dené-Yeniseian) language of South Central Alaska<br></div><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Info: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyak_language">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyak_language</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ubykh<br></b><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Native: </span><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CRon%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><style>
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</style><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="ipa"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">t</span><font size="1"><sup><span style="font-size: 11pt;">w</span></sup></font><span style="font-size: 11pt;">aχəbza</span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A Northwest Caucasian language of Turkey</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Info: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubykh_language">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubykh_language</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">But we ought to bear in mind what Sandy said about the "relativity of 'dead'". For instance, in the cases of Manx and Eyak, at least, there are efforts towards language revitalization (or "revival" if you wish). In all cases there are still "partial speakers" that personally knew last "full speakers."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Also, please bear in mind that one could argue that "language death" usually refers to an entire linguistic complex, to the apparent disappearance of a family of numerous language varieties (idiolects, dialects, regiolects, sociolects ...). If we think of it in terms of "language variety disappearance" we become more acutely aware of the fact that, while a given language (as a collection of varieties) may not be "dead" as yet, member varieties "die" on an ongoing basis. This applies to practically all languages, including seemingly all-powerful English. So, seeing the glass half empty, we might consider this a case of "constant language impoverishment."</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">But this is not a new thing. Furthermore, rather than considering the glass half empty, we might think of this process as one of constant change. You might argue that language varieties do not disappear but come to be merged with other language varieties, typically as substrata coloring imported or imposed (usually power and prestige) superstrata varieties. In the Lowlands area, the most obvious examples of this process are the Frisian-colored Low Saxon and Low-Saxon-colored Missingsch German varieties of Northern Germany (also Low Saxon and German varieties with old Slavic substrata), the Frisian-colored Low Saxon and Dutch (Stadsfrysk) varieties of the Northern Netherlands, and Scotland's numerous English varieties with Scots and Gaelic substrata.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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