<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 20 October 2009 - Volume 03<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
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===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Paul Finlow-Bates</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk">wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI">LL-L "Language varieties" 2009.10.20 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="http://uk.mc264.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span>sassisch@yahoo.com</span></a>><br>Subject: Language varieties<br><br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="im">
Paul,
I think the drift you are talking about is precisely what you are
dealing with in the case of Polynesian. So I encourage you to spend
some time familiarizing yourself with this case.<br><br>Examples: woman/female, man/male,
gardenia, canoe, parent, gray-haired, mullet<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Tongan: fafine, taŋata, siale, vaka, matu'a, hina, kanahe<br>Samoan: fafine, taŋata, tiale, va'a, matua, sina, 'anae<br>
Niuean: fifine, taŋata, tiale, vaka, matua, hina, kanahe<br>Rapa Nui*: hahine, taŋata, tiare, vaka, matu'a, hina, -</div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="im">
Tahitian: vahine, ta'ata, tiare, va'a, metua, hinahina, 'anae<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Rarotongan: vaʻine, taŋata, tiare, vaka,
matua ~ metua, 'ina, kanae<br>Maori: wahine, taŋata, tīare, vaka, matua, hina, kanae</div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="im">Hawaiian**: wahine, kanaka, kiele, wa'a, makua, hina, 'anae<br>
</div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Proto-Polynesian: *fafine, *taŋata, *tiale, *waka, *matu'a, *sina, *kanahe<br><br>* Easter Island<br>** Hawaiian <i>w</i> is actuall [ʋ], the same sound as represented by <i>w</i> in Dutch.<br>
<br>And there are many more language varieties to cite in exhaustive comparisons.<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="im"><br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Many thanks for those Ron. I learned a little Maori as kid in New
Zealand, and it was interesting to spot some of those comparisons when
I visited Hawaii nearly 20 years later. In particular, Tohunga/Kahuna!</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Paul</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Derby</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">England</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">---------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://uk.mc264.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span>sassisch@yahoo.com</span></a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">><br>
Subject: Language varieties</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hi and thanks, Paul!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You responded:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Many thanks for those Ron.<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You're more than welcome, mate, always have been and always will be. Your level of inquisitiveness and enthusiasm (aside from your loyalty) are most appreciated.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Paul, the plot thickens and will probably suck you in once you start looking not only at the genealogical groupings but also at the degrees of geographical proximity among the Polynesian languages and the suggested migration time-line. And from there you can go on to the level of the larger Oceanic group and eventually at the level of the entire Austronesian family of which Polynesian is just one branch. This is a very large and far-flung family whose hypothetical place of origin is the now thoroughly sinicized island of Taiwan (Formosa), an island that now has only a few remnant communities of Austronesian-speaking aboriginals. The fact that you are mostly dealing with islands and with precolonial voyages makes this all the more fascinating.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Polynesian: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_languages">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_languages</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Oceanic: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_languages">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_languages</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Austronesian: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Why keep talking about this "un-Lowlandic" family (even when the Kahuna is out of earshot or dozing, as usual)? Well, first of all, there are few if any things in our known world to which Lowlands languages and cultures have no relevance. Secondly, we are talking about theoretical models and approaches here. Even if your hearts are in the Lowlands, folks, I strongly suggest you look at what has been happening in comparable areas in order to enhance your understanding of the Lowlands area.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Stepping down from the pulpit and taking off the ruff now ...</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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