<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 20 October 2009 - Volume 03<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands@lowlands-l.net" target="_blank">lowlands@lowlands-l.net</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/" target="_blank">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
<span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Encoding: Unicode (UTF-08)</span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Language Codes: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/codes.php" target="_blank">lowlands-l.net/codes.php</a></span><br>
===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: <span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Paul Finlow-Bates</span> <span><<a href="mailto:wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk" target="_blank">wolf_thunder51@yahoo.co.uk</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: LL-L "Language varieties" 2009.10.20 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="http://uk.mc264.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span>sassisch@yahoo.com</span></a>><br>Subject: Language varieties<br><br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Paul,
I think the drift you are talking about is precisely what you are
dealing with in the case of Polynesian. So I encourage you to spend
some time familiarizing yourself with this case.<br><br>Examples: woman/female, man/male,
gardenia, canoe, parent, gray-haired, mullet<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Tongan: fafine, taŋata, siale, vaka, matu'a, hina, kanahe<br>Samoan: fafine, taŋata, tiale, va'a, matua, sina, 'anae<br>
Niuean: fifine, taŋata, tiale, vaka, matua, hina, kanahe<br>Rapa Nui*: hahine, taŋata, tiare, vaka, matu'a, hina, -</div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Tahitian: vahine, ta'ata, tiare, va'a, metua, hinahina, 'anae<br></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Rarotongan: vaʻine, taŋata, tiare, vaka,
matua ~ metua, 'ina, kanae<br>Maori: wahine, taŋata, tīare, vaka, matua, hina, kanae</div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hawaiian**: wahine, kanaka, kiele, wa'a, makua, hina, 'anae<br>
</div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Proto-Polynesian: *fafine, *taŋata, *tiale, *waka, *matu'a, *sina, *kanahe<br><br>* Easter Island<br>** Hawaiian <i>w</i> is actuall [ʋ], the same sound as represented by <i>w</i> in Dutch.<br>
<br>And there are many more language varieties to cite in exhaustive comparisons.<br><br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
Many thanks for those Ron. I learned a little Maori as kid in New
Zealand, and it was interesting to spot some of those comparisons when
I visited Hawaii nearly 20 years later. In particular, Tohunga/Kahuna!</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Â </div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Paul</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Derby</div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">England</div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">---------</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: R. F. Hahn <</span><a style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" href="http://uk.mc264.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=sassisch@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span>sassisch@yahoo.com</span></a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">><br>
Subject: Language varieties</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hi and thanks, Paul!</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You responded:</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Many thanks for those Ron.<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You're
more than welcome, mate, always have been and always will be. Your
level of inquisitiveness and enthusiasm (aside from your loyalty) are
most appreciated.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Paul,
the plot thickens and will probably suck you in once you start looking
not only at the genealogical groupings but also at the degrees of
geographical proximity among the Polynesian languages and the suggested
migration time-line. And from there you can go on to the level of the
larger Oceanic group and eventually at the level of the entire
Austronesian family of which Polynesian is just one branch. This is a
very large and far-flung family whose hypothetical place of origin is
the now thoroughly sinicized island of Taiwan (Formosa), an island that
now has only a few remnant communities of Austronesian-speaking
aboriginals. The fact that you are mostly dealing with islands and with
precolonial voyages makes this all the more fascinating.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Polynesian: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_languages" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_languages</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Oceanic: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_languages" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_languages</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Austronesian: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages</a></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Why
keep talking about this "un-Lowlandic" family (even when the Kahuna is
out of earshot or dozing, as usual)? Well, first of all, there are few
if any things in our known world to which Lowlands languages and
cultures have no relevance. Secondly, we are talking about theoretical
models and approaches here. Even if your hearts are in the Lowlands,
folks, I strongly suggest you look at what has been happening in
comparable areas in order to enhance your understanding of the Lowlands
area.</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Stepping down from the pulpit and taking off the ruff now ...</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
•
<p>
==============================END===================================
<p>
* Please submit postings to lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org.
<p>
* Postings will be displayed unedited in digest form.
<p>
* Please display only the relevant parts of quotes in your replies.
<p>
* Commands for automated functions (including "signoff lowlands-l")
<p>
are to be sent to listserv@listserv.linguistlist.org or at
<p>
http://linguistlist.org/subscribing/sub-lowlands-l.html.
<p>
*********************************************************************