<div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">===========================================<br>L O W L A N D S - L - 16 December 2009 - Volume 04<br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a></span><br style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">
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===========================================<br></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color: rgb(0, 104, 28);">Hellinckx Luc</span> <span class="go"><<a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a>></span></span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject: </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="gI"><span class="ik"></span>LL-L "Etymology"</span><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Beste Ron,</span><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br><div><div>On 16/12/09, at 21:08, Lowlands-L List wrote:</div>
<div><br></div><blockquote type="cite">What
I find particularly interesting is the intrusion of "s" which I suspect
happened in French at the time /s/ had begun to be "deleted" before
stops, thus in analogy with words like (<i>gustus</i> >) <i>goût</i> 'taste', (<i>castellum</i> >) <i>château</i> 'castle', (<i>hospitale</i> >) <i>hôpital</i> 'hospital', <i>hôtel</i> 'hostel', and (<i>stabilire</i> > <i>establir</i> >) <i>établir</i> 'to establish'.<br>
</blockquote><div><br></div><div>I
can't give you a precise time frame for the "sublimation" of /s/ in
French (? 17th century or even later ?), but 16th century (written)
French was still using /s/ systematically it seems. The "vrijbuiter"
loan probably predates that period. Walloon still retains /s/ in some
cases and Occitan even more so. Southern Dutch "goesting, goeste" for
"goût" (French for taste) is another example. </div><div>Re
"filibuster": an older French form is "fribustier". Maybe French
"bustier" interfered as well? If not, the /s/ may be explained as a
case of hypercorrection. If /s/ was on the way out first in Northern
French, and Central French got to loan something from the North, maybe
they automatically added an /s/, because they erroneously thought that
the /s/ would have been omitted anyway.</div><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite">
Of course,
English "freebooter" is believed to be a direct pre-diphthongization
Middle Dutch loan, at a time when "ij" was still pronounced [i:] and
probably before the "uu" to "ui" shift. The verb was/is <i>vrijbuit</i> ("free-boot(y)") 'to plunder'. I assume that German <i>Freibeuter</i> comes from the same source.<br></blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>It
does. The "uu" > "ui" shift can be described fairly accurately, both
geographically and chronologically. However, "buit" (in "vrij-buiter")
is precisely one of those very few exceptions that never obeyed this
rule. Even Brabantish, which has diphtongized more than you can shake a
stick at, "buit" is still pronounced "büüt" these days by (older)
dialect speakers (Kiliaan also testifies "buet"). There is apparently
no agreement on a further etymology of "buit", but some see cognates in
Celtic languages. "Buit" typically refers to the spoils of war, booty,
so maybe it's a substrate word that goes back to the days of the
invading Indo-European tribes, conquering older local populations?
Taboo words, "Geheimsprachen" or terms pertaining to criminal offense
do sometimes lead a life of their own and are much more resistent to
phonological innovations.</div><div><br></div><div>Kind greetings,</div><font color="#888888"><div><br></div><div>Luc Hellinckx, Halle, Belgium</div></font></div></div><br style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
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