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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">===============================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 10 February 2010 - Volume 01<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
<a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a><br>
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===============================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
From: <span class="gd"><span><span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Cliff
Smuts</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:csmuts@xsinet.co.za">csmuts@xsinet.co.za</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Language varieties" 2010.02.09 (07)
[EN]</span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">From: Cliff
Smuts <a href="mailto:csmuts@xsinet.co.za" target="_blank">csmuts@xsinet.co.za</a></span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Hi Heiko</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Afrikaans
as a language developed in South
Africa from appro 1660 onward. It has
(Middle)dutch as base, and was innitially a "kombuistaal" (kitchen
language) spoken mainly by the labourers and domestic workers, and was aka
kitchen Dutch.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">These
labourers came from South Africa
(indigenous people), Africa (slaves), and Dutch East India (Malaysia etc) and obviously
spoke different languages. Having to speak "Dutch" this resulted in
simplified forms (compare Afro-American English with simplified forms such as
"ain't" and even past tense forms of verbs: bring - brung, etc, also
as a result of diffeent language speakers/ seakers of different langiages
having to acquire a common language to be used in simplifed situations, like on
cotton fields, in the kitchen, etc).</span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Â </span></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Cliff</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Language varieties<br>
<br>
Hi, thanks, and welcome to the Speakers' Corner, dear Cliff!<br>
<br>
That's a nice summary you wrote there.<br>
<br>
Groete,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
Seattle, USA<br>
<br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: <span class="gd"><span><span style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">Sandy Fleming</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:sandy@fleimin.demon.co.uk">sandy@fleimin.demon.co.uk</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Language varieties" 2010.02.09 (07)
[EN]</span><br>
<br>
> From: Heiko Evermann <<a href="mailto:heiko.evermann@gmx.de">heiko.evermann@gmx.de</a>><br>
> Subject: LL-L "Literature" 2010.02.09 (03) [AF-EN-NL]</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">> This reminds me of a question that keeps bothering me
for some time:<br>
> Afrikaans has quite a number of simplifications in comparison to<br>
> Dutch. To me one sticks out:<br>
> ek is<br>
> jy is<br>
> hy, sy, dit is<br>
> ons is<br>
> julle is<br>
> hulle is<br>
><br>
> instead of "ik ben" etc.<br>
><br>
> We do have some simplifications in German in comparison to older<br>
> speech. Like in the Christmas carol "Ihr Kinderlein kommet"
where we<br>
> would have "kommt" today. But the transition from "ik
ben" to "ek is"<br>
> is a deep cut into the conjugation pattern of one of the most frequent<br>
> verbs.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial;">I don't
know how these things happen but it seems to me that what it has<br>
in its favour is a process of regularisation.<br>
<br>
Amongst traditional English dialects in English alone there are some<br>
dialects that have complete regularisation. I think in the east there<br>
are dialects whose case ending have all come to end with "s", and
then<br>
again those without the "s" (I say "I think" because I'm
not really<br>
familiar with them and haven't seen a complete conjugation) to the<br>
Midlands dialect:<br>
<br>
I am<br>
You am (unless there's a singular form I don't know about)<br>
He, she, it am<br>
We am<br>
You am<br>
They am<br>
<br>
Also spoken "I'm, You'm," &c.<br>
<br>
As you see from my manner, I'm not conversant with these, but the point<br>
is that regularisation seems to be a force.<br>
<br>
Perhaps parents and others are less likely to correct things if the<br>
grammar is clear due to being used in other parts of the conjugation,<br>
but an even stronger consideration is that children (at least children<br>
who aren't lonely) don't pick up the bulk of their language from their<br>
parents, they pick it up from other children. Once something is rife<br>
amongst children the parents are going to have a hard time correcting<br>
it.<br>
<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br>
Sandy Fleming<br>
<a href="http://scotstext.org/" target="_blank">http://scotstext.org/</a><br>
</span><br style="">
<br style="">
</span></p>
•
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