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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial;">===============================================<br>
<b>L O W L A N D S - L - 21 March 2010 - Volume 01</b><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><br>
<a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a> - <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/">http://lowlands-l.net/</a><br>
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===============================================</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br>
From: <span class="gd"><span><span style="color: rgb(91, 16, 148);">jmtait</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:jmtait@wirhoose.co.uk">jmtait@wirhoose.co.uk</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Language varieties" 2010.03.21 (01)
[EN]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Andy Eagle wrote:<br>
<br></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">>The organisations Itchy Coo (</span><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" href="http://www.itchy-coo.com/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.itchy-coo.com/index.html</a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">) who publish books
in Scots for children generally present themsleves in SE, as is the information
on the backs of books in Scots (</span><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" href="http://www.itchy-coo.com/resources/Precious+and+Puggies+cover.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.itchy-coo.com/resources/Precious+and+Puggies+cover.jpg</a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">).</span></span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<span style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
>The above approaches would all seem to imply that, for transactional
purposes, the standard written form of the language is in fact (Scottish)
Standard English and consequently this Scots language is in reality just the
dialects of English spoken in </span>Scotland<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">.</span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Yes.'
Precious and Puggies' translated by James Robertson, whose view that Scots is a
language that writers turn to when they wish to use its 'less-than-respectable
status ... a refuge for linguistic individualism, anarchism, nomadism and
hedonism' I was requested, by the Shetland dialect promoters, not to
criticise!<br>
<br>
The idea of Scots being promoted by people who hold these views, and criticism
of them being regarded as unacceptable, might seem like a scenario from a black
comedy if it wasn't true.<br>
<br>
John M Tait.<br>
<br>
----------<br>
<br>
From: <span class="gd"><span><span style="color: rgb(121, 6, 25);">Roger Thijs, Euro-Support, Inc.</span></span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:roger.thijs@euro-support.be">roger.thijs@euro-support.be</a>></span><br>
Subject: <span class="gi">LL-L "Language varieties" 2010.03.21 (01)
[EN]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We have been discussing
varieties of Engish in this list. I don't mean dialects, but stuff as Canadian English,
US English, Australian English etc. All these variants are mutually
comprehesible and I don't think any of these variants will develop into a
separate language, as Afrikaans did versus Dutch.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Some standard languages are
more "protected" for uniformity by a regulatory body, as the
"Academy Française" is doing for French. However this protection is
eroding. We have been touching Belgian French, Canadian French, Swiss French in
this list. This weekend I found some books about some other varieties of
French.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1 - Kinshasa French</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sylvain Shomba Kinyamba, <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Comprendre Kinshasa à travers ses locutions
populaires</span></strong>, 2009, Acco Leuven, isbn 978-90-334-7788-1, 256 pp.,
20 euro at the Acco book shop,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">pp. 1-84 introduction</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">pp. 85-254 dictionary</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Some vocabulary:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- mutilations of French: <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">abacost</span></strong>: refers to return to
authenticity ("à bas le costume")</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- mixed: "<strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ko travailer lokola ba chinois</span></strong>",
work like the Chines in the Congo
(without looking at the watch)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- specific terms: "<strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">lingala facile</span></strong>", version of the
local Lingala language with elements of French, Kikongo and a little bit of
Swahili, used for TV news on many channels in Kinshasa</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- pure French, but with
specific semantics: "<strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Avant avant</span></strong>",
people who push things, disregarding the interest of others</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- gramatically a French
verb, but with a lingala root: "<strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">kobomber</span></strong>":
fill public transportation (as busses) to the max.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I did not find any
vocabulary with Dutch/Flemish colonial roots.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2 - Algerian French</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A. Queffélec e.a., <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Le français en Algérie</span></strong>, 2002,
Bruxelles, De Boeck, ISBN 2-8011-1294-1, 592 pp., Euro 14.95 in a ramsj book
shop in the N African quarter Lemonnier of Brussels.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">pp. 1-141 introduction</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">pp 143-560 dictionary (2
cols/ page)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For Algeria are
listed as languages:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1. Berber or <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tamazight</span></strong> (language of the Berbers or
Imazighen (plural of Amazigh),</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">with 3 cultural groups:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">kabyle</span></strong> (North and Center East)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">chaoui </span></strong>(Constantinois, from Aurès
till Atlas)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">mozabite</span></strong> and <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">targuie </span></strong>varieties (Southn M'zab &
Hoggar)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2. Arab, with 3 levels:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- classical Arab</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- modern Arab</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- dialectal Arab (85%
of the speakers) with 4 main groups:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- oranais (in the
Quest)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- algérois (Center
till Bejaia)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- rural version in
the East (Sétif, Constantine, Annaba)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- South (Sahara varieties)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3.Foreign languages:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- French (where the book is
about)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- English</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- Spanish</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3 - Moroccan French</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">F Benzakour e.a., <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Le français au Maroc</span></strong>, 2000,
Bruxelles, De Boeck, ISBN 2-8011-1260-7, 358 pp., Euro 14.95 in a ramsj book
shop in the N African quarter Lemonnier of Brussels.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">pp. 1-129 introduction</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">pp. 131-356 dictionary (2
cols/page)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For Morocco are
listed as languages:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1. Berber or <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">amazighe</span></strong> (<strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">tamazighte</span></strong> when used for litterature)
(40 to 60% of the population)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">with 3 dialect varieties:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">tarifite</span></strong> or <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">rifain</span></strong> (groupe zénète) in the
Noth-East</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- <strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">tamazighte</span></strong> (largest area)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-<strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"> tachehite</span></strong> (South of the High Atlas)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2. Arab varieties</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- classical Arab</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- modern Arab</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- dialectal Arab:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- town Arab
(Andalousian)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- mountain Arab
(jbala populations) with subdivisions:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> ---
Northern of the Ghomara</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> ---
Southern of the Senhaja</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> ---
Sefrou (infuenced by the town Arab of Fès)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- bedouin Arab
(hilahiennes tribes and most of the maâquiiennes tribes)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> -- hassaniya
(Southern Maroc & Mauretania) (mixed language 75% arab, 20% berber)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3. Foreign languages:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- French (where the book is
about)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- Spanish</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- English</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Regards,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Roger</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
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