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L O W L A N D S - L - 25 April 2011 - Volume 04<br>
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<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">From: <span class="gd"><span style="color:#790619">Tom Mc Rae</span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:thomas.mcrae@bigpond.com">thomas.mcrae@bigpond.com</a>></span><br>
Subject: <img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/Ron/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"><span class="gi">LL-L "Language
varieties" 2011.04.24 (02) [EN]</span><br>
<br>
Well outside your topic area but on our Saturday Australian TV News had a
fascinating feature on the last 700 Samaritans in the world celebrating
Passover on the West Bank. The ceremony was conducted in very ancient Hebrew
and ended with a mass slaughter of goats and sheep which were then roasted.
Their spokesman claimed they were the last descendants of those in The Exodus.</p>
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<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">On 25/04/2011, at 1:22
PM, R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>> wrote:</p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">I received a large amount of
information about earlier Passover customs (today’s topic), be it in America or back in Europe.</p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Best Regards<br>
Tom Mc Rae<br>
Brisbane Australia<br>
Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized.<br>
–Albert Einstein</span></p>
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<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">From: <span class="gd"><span style="color:#5B1094">M.-L. Lessing</span></span><span class="gi"> </span><span class="go"><<a href="mailto:marless@gmx.de">marless@gmx.de</a>></span><br>
Subject: <img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/Ron/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span class="gi">LL-L "Language
varieties" 2011.04.25 (02) [NDS]</span><br>
<br>
<font style="font-family: times new roman,serif;" size="2">Dear Reinhard, I too read your report with relish. But what grates on me is
this way of saying "What, a different dialect? I won't talk to that
man!" It is saddening to find the Yiddish speakers behave so too. It kills
dialects, it kills languages. We know it from Plattdüütsch only too well. But
not from Hochdeutsch! Now let me start one of my hobby-psychologist-theses: The
"national languages", such as Hochdeutsch, have been politically used
to define the nation, they have been used as symbols for the great We (in times
when that We was the nation). Therefore we associate them with "together,
unity, community". Dialects of them are seen as delightful variety.
Everything divisive is far from them. Not so the minority languages. They have
been associated with otherness, division, exclusion. Consequences: See above.
-- I would like to know whether others have experienced this dividing
spirit in other minority languages and think my interpretation acceptable.
Or is it only Platt and Yiddish speakers who are so crazy?? And what can be
done about it? Must we really make separatist propaganda to give people a
feeling that Platt unites Platt speakers??? Yiddish speakers who now have no
territory to make separatist propaganda for would be badly off :-|</font></p>
<p style="font-family: times new roman,serif;" class="MsoNormal"><font size="2"> </font></p>
<p style="font-family: times new roman,serif;" class="MsoNormal"><font size="2">Hartlich!</font></p>
<p style="font-family: times new roman,serif;" class="MsoNormal"><font size="2"> </font></p>
<p style="font-family: times new roman,serif;" class="MsoNormal"><font size="2">Marlou</font></p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: navy;">From: Hannelore Hinz <a href="mailto:hannehinz@t-online.de" target="_blank"><span style="color:navy"><hannehinz@t-online.de></span></a><br>
Subject:LL-L "Language varieties" 2011.04.24 (02) [EN]<br>
<br>
Hallo Ron un all' Lowlanners.<br>
<br>
Ick heff dien' Bidrag (tau dit Thema) nah mien langtoegsch Oewersetten in
Düütsch mit väl Freud lääst.<br>
Mihrstens dröppt man ümmer so an 30 - 50 Tauhürers an. Dat is egentlich jüst
naug, man näumt dit ok "Begegnung/Veranstaltung der kleinen Form",
dat heit soväl, man hett up diss' Ort, also 'n lütten Kring mit besten Taugang
up de Gästen. Ja, binah so as tau Huus in ein Famili an einen groten Disch. Un
dat hest du je nu so beläwt "Wie zu Hause", "gemütlich",
also künn man ok seggen "komodig, behåglich".<br>
<br>
So gifft dat in Jiddisch hüt ok väl jiddische Dialekten. Heff väl oewer
nahdacht.<br>
Hm, hett nich ok dat ümmers (jeweils) 'regionale' Nedderdüütsch gewisse
Dialekten, de sick mit de Johren nah 'n tweiten Weltkrieg (weglopen Minschen ut
Pommern, West- un Ostpreußen) insläken hebben un ahn ein Nahdenken ünner de
Lüüd kamen sünd... Ok Dialekten ut Nahwer-Rebeiten so as taun Bispill Uckermark, Brandenburg
un Schleswig Holstein swappen oewer nah Mäkelborg-Vörpommern, un von Meck-Pom
ok nah de Nahwer-Rebeiten.<br>
<br>
Also kann ick <b>di</b> tau de "Ierst friewillig Arbeits-Upgaw"
<b>gratelieren</b>; un dat dau ick hiermit.<br>
<br>
Nu weitst du taugliek, <i>woans de Haas' löppt</i> (sick gaud utkennen),
un woans dat in taukamen Tieden lopen ward. Ick wünsch di väl Glück.<br>
<br>
Un dat du wedderkamen sast, man, <b>dat is ein Kumpelment!</b> <br>
<br>
Mit best' Gräuten an all'.<br>
<br>
Hanne</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">From:
R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Subject:
Language varieties</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Tom,
I had encounters with Samaritans in the 1970s (when there were still more of
them). For ritual purposes they use what is known as “Samaritan Hebrew” and
they use their own script for it. In everyday life they speak either Arabic or
Modern Hebrew, depending on the area in which they live. Samaritans were already
at the time of Jesus (and apparently earlier) considered apart from mainstream
Israelites, and apparently not in a good way, hence the New Testament parable
(probably my favorite one) of the good Samaritan presenting the possibility of mercy/compassion
(<i>raḥămīm</i> רַחֲמִים<span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) and charity/social justice (<i>ṣ</i><i>ĕdāqāh<b> </b></i>צְדָקָה<span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) bridging divisions, including long-standing
prejudices. As for claims of descent, please take all of that with several
grains of salt. [More: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan</a>]</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Marlou,
American and Israeli Jews of European origin are unfortunately not immune regarding
this European tendency toward purism and segregation (a.k.a. tribalism).
However, this applies mostly to those that grew up in Europe and to those born
outside Europe but leading very traditional
Jewish lives. Pretty much all of the residents of the retirement home at which
I volunteer belong to these categories, by mere virtue of choosing to live in
an all-Jewish facility. They are a dying breed and a rich source of information.<br>
<br>
Today a dear friend of mine told me that in her Midwestern American Jewish family
there were two camps that had been thrown together by marriage: the
“Lithuanians” and the “Ruthenians.” Much of the mutual disapproval centered on
the pronunciation of the words for “cake” ~ “baked dish” (קוגל<span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>, L. <i>kugl</i>,
R. <i>kigl</i>) and ‘belly-button” (פּופּיק<span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>, L. <i>pupik</i>, R. <i>pipik</i>)
... in other words on /u/ being preserved in L. while having become [i]
elsewhere. (One of the “Ruthenians” in the family even claimed that a <i>pupik</i>
was not the same as a <i>pipik</i> but meant “something farther down”!) Of
course, you feel the urge to shout, “Get over it already!” But, of course,
these differences stood/stand for a lot more, especially for cultural features,
including ... very importantly ... for cooking and baking recipes.</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">By
the way, the most frequently heard substantial Yiddish word at the meeting was <i>heykher</i>
(הײכער<span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) ‘louder’
(cognate of English “higher,” Scots <i>heicher</i>, Dutch <i>hoger</i>, Low Saxon <i>höger</i>,
German <i>höher</i>).</p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hanning:</p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> Ja, binah so as tau Huus in ein Famili an einen groten Disch. Un
dat hest du je nu so beläwt "Wie zu Hause", "gemütlich",
also künn man ok seggen "komodig, behåglich".</p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ja, up Jiddish is dat <i>heymish</i> (<i>hejmisch</i>, הײמיש).<br></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seattle, USA</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">P.S.:
Michael, thanks for the story below! I actually know Raphael Finkel (רפֿאל פֿינקל<span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>, Rafoyel Finkl)
from years back when he and I tinkered with Yiddish on the Web. Great guy and a
good poet! - For those of you not in the loop, a <i>latke</i> is a potato pancake.
Can anyone rewrite the story in Scots using <i>haggis</i> instead of <i>latke</i>?</p>
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<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">From: Michael Keach
<<a href="mailto:mike.keach@gmail.com">mike.keach@gmail.com</a>><br>
Subject: <img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/Ron/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" border="0" width="1" height="1">Ron's Yiddischer Reise<br>
<br>
Ron, thanks for the report on your Yiddish session/get-together. Very
fun. It caused me to wander back to, what had been, a limited exposure to
Yiddish back at least 150 years ago when I lived just outside of New York
City. During the summer of my freshman year in college, I taught/directed
Music and Drama at an exclusive Jewish ountryclub in Little Falls, New Jersey. There
I learned the hard way to steer clear of blue-haired "ladies"
playing Mahjongg. It took me weeks to heal.</p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">For thems that are interested
in Yiddish, I recommend Michael Wex's excellent work: "Born to Kvetch :
Yiddish Language and Culture in All of Its Moods" c2005
HarperCollins Perennial ISBN: 0061132179 US$13.95 OR:
free at your public library. </p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">Meanwhile, to underscore
what Ron suggested as a tone of suspicion by some members of his group, you'll
be given a humerous added insight to the world of the Yiddish/Talmudic Yid
(Jew).</p>
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<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">I give you "Ritual
Slaughter of the Latke"</p>
<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center">Ritual slaughter of the latke <br>
<a href="http://www.cs.uky.edu/%7Eraphael/" target="_blank">Raphael Finkel</a> <br>
Presented at the Latke-Homentash Symposium <br>
Hillel House, Madison, Wisconsin <br>
Purim, 1984 </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">It
is well known that our tradition surrounds the most important actions in life
with ritual. The importance of life-cycle rituals and holiday-cycle rituals
underscores their stature. On the other hand, there is no particular ritual
for, say, hunting boars. The Jewish tradition has nothing much to say about it,
except that hunting bores. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Eating
has long held a fascination for the Rabbinic mind, not to mention the Rabbinic
stomach. We are all familiar with some of the rituals involved with food:
Washing the hands before going to the supermarket, checking for the u O,
reciting "Who brings the can opener out of the drawer", and the
injunction to leave a little food in the can for the cat. In the Talmud, there
is a dispute whether searching diligently for the u O itself fulfills the
mitsvo of "bedikas hekhsher" or whether one needs to also know the
rules for affixing the u O, over which one recites "lehagboa
hekhsher". For example, did you know that according to Rashi, the u O must
be in the upper third of the label, and must be vertical, whereas according to
Rabbenu Tam, it must be sideways? </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">This
attention to detail is the hallmark of importance that we attribute to food. I
want to raise your conciousness (and maybe your gorge) and explain to you the
Torah-true Halakhic way in which latkes must be prepared, according to Rambam's
"Sefer", so called because each chapter begins with the word
"Sefer". In particular, Chapter 23 is called, "Sefer example you
want latkes." Another chapter, dealing with food poisoning, is "Sefer
ways to can latkes". You may not be surprised to hear that there is no
mention whatsoever of Homentashen in this standard reference. They just don't
rate. In fact, the only reference I could find to Homentashen in the whole
Rabbinic literature, which I read through yesterday (in the Cliff notes
edition), was in a chapter on spinach homentashen in the justifiably obscure
responsa of Poppy, the seltzer man. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Say
for example you want latkes. The potato must be healthy. Any potato unable to
swim upstream with the current is considered sick, and you have to wait until
it recovers before you can use it. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You
have to properly slaughter the potatoes. You need a knife sharp enough, in the
words of the Rambam, so that it can cut 30 bunches of krokhmal in 10 strokes. I
expect that's pretty sharp. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You
slaughter the potato with a quick double cut, holding the knife so the blade is
facing up, attacking the potato from underneath. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">If
there are any eyes on the potato, they must be facing up, so the potato doesn't
see the knife coming. The stroke must sever at least the main artery of the
potato, although according to Rambam, this is difficult with our modern
potatoes, which have no arteries, and it suffices to cut at least .357 inches
beneath the skin. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Any
potato juice that comes out within the first spurt is treyf; you must let it
pour on the ground and stomp on it, quoting meanwhile from Deuteronomy,
"thus be done to the manna whom the king delighteth to honor." </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You
then check the dead potato for health. If there is a hole between the veena and
the keyba, the potato is treyf and may not be eaten, although it may be used
for a paperweight. If you carve a dreydl out of it, the dreydl is kosher, but
the knife may only be used as a screwdriver from then on. If there are any
adhesions on the skin, the potato is glat treyf and must be discarded. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You
must remove the eyes (in Yiddish, this is known as "eyebering"); as
long as they are not removed, the outer part of the potato is treyf (literally,
"the eyes have it".) Modern latke factories don't bother with the
extremely time-consuming removal of the eyes, so they sell the outer part of
the potato to non-Jews. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You
must be very careful if you are making a large batch of latkes not to slaughter
two potatoes from the same plant on the same day. The Bible explicitly says,
"You shall not slaughter it and its plant-mate on the same day". The
Talmud tells of a thief who stole two potatoes and slaughtered them on the same
day. As you know, the penalty for stealing is that you must pay back double.
But if you steal a potato and slaughter it, you must pay back 5-fold. The
Talmud records a discussion about whether, when the thief slaughtered the
second potato, he was obligated to pay the 5-fold penalty or not, since he was
by that same act guilty of the "two on the same day" rule, and was
thereby sentenced to the harsher punishment of juggling 5 eggs and cleaning up
the mess. Let it be a lesson to you: Buy each potato from a different store,
you should never have a problem. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">If
you peel the potatoes, you are obligated to donate one twelfth of the potato
peels to a Cohen, assuming you have peeled at least 20 potatoes and you have
gotten at least 1/4 cup of peels from each. The best way to do this is to put
the peels in an envelope and mail it to the first Cohen or Katz you find in the
phone book. It is also acceptable to stop people on the street, ask them if
they are Jewish, and if so, talk them into performing this important mitsvo
"putting out the peelings" themselves. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I
could go on, and I will. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Remember
to salt the potato and leave it to drain for at least 24 hours. We do this in
memory of Lot's wife Latke, who was turned to
salt. Use a lotta salt, in memory of Lot's
daughter, Lotta. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">You
may wonder why Sephardic Jews don't eat latkes. It stems from two differences
of interpretation. The Torah speaks about a "Poroh Aduma", a red
potato without blemish. The Sephardim consider red potatoes too holy to eat, so
they avoid latkes. On the other hand, the Ashkenazim think only Swiss cheese is
too holy to eat. They liken "Poroh Aduma" with "Pereh
Odom", the common person, and consider a red potato glatt kosher. Kosher
airline meals made with potatoes therefore always specify "red
potatoes". </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The
other difference of opinion is the meaning of "you shall not yoke them
together". The Sephardim read this as a prohibition of mixing eggs and
potatoes. The Ashkenazim say, and I quote "Love and Knishes", the
authoritative cookbook, "So nu, use two eggs already. You want more, so
you should use more." </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Let
me warn you about applesauce. Its proper preparation is just as complex as
latkes themselves. It is best to consult a competent authority. </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">One
last warning. You may remember that the Megilla tells us that the Persians cast
latkes, which they called Pur, from which we get the name Purim. You must <em>fry</em> the latkes to make them kosher. Let
them burn a bit, in memory of the burnt offerings. But don't do like the
Persians. Don't cast them. If you cast them, they'll turn out Pur for you, too.
</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Postscript:
At the symposium at which I presented this talk, Barry Buchbinder suggested
that homentashn have an aphrodisiac effect. My response: "Poppycock!"
</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">.............................................................................</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Alles
beste,</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">~Mike
in Tampadorf</p>
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