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L O <span>W L A</span> N D S - L - <span>19 June 2011</span> - Volume 04</font><br><font style="font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com" target="_blank"><span>lowlands.list@gmail.com</span></a>
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<p>From:
R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>>
<br>Subject: Language varieties<br><br>Dear Lowlanders,<br></p>Every once in a while we get lucky in that a non-LL-L fellow-language-enthusiast out there in the wide world volunteers to add to our Anniversary Site (<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/</a>). This happened recently when Nataly Balamut (Belarusian <i>Наталля Баламут</i>, Russian <i><span id="result_box" class="short_text" lang="ru"><span title="Click for alternate translations" class="hps">Наталия </span></span> Баламут</i>) in Grodno, Belarus, sent me an audio file for the Belarusian version of the Wren Story (<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/bielaruskaja.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/bielaruskaja.php</a>). Clearly a very nice and enthusiastic person, Nataly more recently sent me a translation and audio file in Trasianka a few days ago, and I just installed them (<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/trasianka.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/trasianka.php</a>). <i><span id="result_box" class="short_text" lang="be"><span title="Click for alternate translations" class="hps">Вялікае</span> <span title="Click for alternate translations" class="hps">дзякуй</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">, Наталля</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">!</span></span></i><br>
<br>Now, Trasianka (Trasjanka, <i>Трасянка</i>) is a very interesting group of language varieties in that it is clearly a Slavic counterpart of our Lowlands' Missingsch (German on Low Saxon substrata) and Stadfrys (Dutch on West Frisian substrata). Specifically, I consider it Russian on Belarusian substrata.<br>
<br>The pattern seems to be this: a community of speakers of Language X endeavors to adopt more prestigious, imported Language Y, a language that is fairly closely related to Language X. In what in many cases is a transitional period, Language Y used by such a community is based on some, if not all, foundations of ancestral Language X. The result is what in popular opinion is regarded as being a low-prestige language hybrid, considered inferior with regard to both the original language of the land and the encroaching (power) language.<br>
<br>I would love to become acquainted with other equivalent cases. <br><br>Apparently there is a Ukrainian equivalent: Russian on Ukrainian substrata, called Surzhyk (<i><span lang="uk">суржик</span></i>). Does any of you have access to someone that could add a Surzhyk translation? I realize that it is hard to recruit people to making such contributions, since there is shame or embarrassment attached with such perceptibly low-prestige language varieties.<br>
<br>Are there any other Lowlands equivalents? Is Scottish English or a precursor of it an equivalent (between Scots and English)?<br><b><br>Trasianka</b>:<br><a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/trasianka-info.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/trasianka-info.php</a><br>
<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/trasianka.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/trasianka.php</a><br><br><b>Missingsch</b>:<br><a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-info.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-info.php</a><br>
<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-bremen1.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-bremen1.php</a><br><a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-hamburg1.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-hamburg1.php</a><br>
<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-wilhelmshaven.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/missingsch-wilhelmshaven.php</a><br><br><b>Stadfrys</b>:<br><a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/stadsfrys-info.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/stadsfrys-info.php</a><br>
<a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/stadsfrys-liwwarders.php">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/stadsfrys-liwwarders.php</a><br><br>Clearly, most, if not all, languages have substrata from earlier languages, be they related to them or not. It is only that in most cases we do not have the data to identify the particulars. In some cases we make assumptions on the basis of historical knowledge. For example, we know that at the time of the Roman (Latin) invasion earlier inhabitants of most regions of what are now France and Southern Belgium spoke Gaulic (Gallic), a Celtic language of the Goidelic branch, which is related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic as well as to Manx. On the basis of such knowledge we assume that whatever makes <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/francais-info.php">French</a> and the other Oïl languages (e.g. <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/norman-intro.php">Norman</a> and <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/walon-intro.php">Walloon</a>) special is due to Gaulic substrata. But we also know that Celtic languages used to be used in the Alpine region and in what are now the Iberian Peninsula and Turkey (to name but a few places). I dare say that Celtic substrata played important roles in the formation of fundamentally Germanic English as well.<br>
<br>While national and ethnic prejudices are easily identified and thus are more frequently discussed, linguistically based prejudices tend to fly below the radar. Linguistically based prejudices relate to international, national, ethnic and socioeconomic stratification, in some cases also religious divisions.<br>
<br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<br>
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