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L O <span>W L A</span> N D S - L - <span>23 June 2011</span> - Volume 06</font><font size="2"><br></font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com" target="_blank"><span>lowlands.list@gmail.com</span></a>
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==============================</font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">=======================</font></div><font size="2"><br>
</font>From:
<span class="gI"><span class="gD" style="color:#790619">Kevin & Cheryl Caldwell</span> <span class="go"><a href="mailto:kevin.caldwell1963@verizon.net">kevin.caldwell1963@verizon.net</a></span></span>
<p style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><font size="2">
Subject: </font><span class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2011.06.23 (02) [DE-EN-NDS]</span></p><font size="2">
</font><p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2"> </font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">All of this raises the question: Why is the English word (i.e., “cod”) so different?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Kevin Caldwell</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Laurel, MD.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><span><br></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>From: Hellinckx Luc <a href="mailto:luc.hellinckx@gmail.com" target="_blank">luc.hellinckx@gmail.com</a></span><br>
<span>Subject: LL-L "Etymology"</span><br><span></span><br><span>Beste Ron,</span></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:115%">
<span> </span></p>
<div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:115%"><span>You wrote:</span></p></div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>
<div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">In Low Saxon, and in extension in German, there is differentiation: <i>Dorsch</i> denotes a juvenile cod, the adult version being called <i>Kabeljau</i>. <br>
<br>Dutch calls all of them <i>kabeljauw</i>, and Afrikaans, not surprisingly, uses <i>kabeljou</i> for both. French and Picard, among others, respectively developed <i>cabillaud</i> and <i>cabio</i> from<b> </b><i>kabeljauw</i> (besides French having Romance <i>morue</i> for the same). Estonian borrowed <i>kabeljoo</i> from Low Saxon but also uses Scandinavian-derived <i>tursk</i> for the same (cf. Finnish <i>turska</i>).<br>
<br>The Romance languages use for all cods the following words (which remind of words for “bachelor“):</p><div align="center"><table style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr>
<td style="background:#CCFFFF;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Language</span></b></p></td><td style="background:#CCFFFF;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">“cod”</span></b></p>
</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Castilian (“Spanish”)</span></p></td><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt">bacalao [bakaˈlao]</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ladino (Judeo-Castilian)</span></p>
</td><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">bakanyado [bakaˈɲad̪ʊ]</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.0pt">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt">Galician</span></p></td><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">bacallau [bakɐˈʎaʊ]</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Portuguese</span></p></td><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">bacalhau [bakɐˈʎaʊ]</span></p>
</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Catalan</span></p></td><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">bacallà [bəkəˈ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ʎ</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">a]</span></p>
</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Italian</span></p></td><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">(Catalan?)< baccalà [bak</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ː</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">aˈla]</span></p>
</td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Non-Romance Iberian:<br>Basque</span></p></td><td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt">bakailao (origin?)</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span> </span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal">What I had not realized until today is that <i>Kabeljau</i> and <i>kabeljauw</i> are epenthetically rendered Romance loans (e.g. *<i>bakalyao</i> > *<i>kabalyao</i>). Wow! I never considered that possibility. My guess is that it comes from Galician <i>bacallau</i> or Portuguese <i>bacalhau</i>.
Indeed, cod is a mainstay among Galicians and Portuguese,
linguistically and culturally very close relatives of the Iberian
Peninsula.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">
<span> </span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span>More about Dutch loanwords here: <a href="http://www.etymologiebank.nl/pdf/1998_Sijs.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.etymologiebank.nl/pdf/1998_Sijs.pdf</a></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span> </span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span>Also the ?ultimate? word on "Kabeljauw/Bakeljauw".</span></p></div><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">
<span> </span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span>Kind greetings,</span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span> </span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">
Luc Hellinckx, Halle, Belgium</p><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"> </p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">----------</p></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<span>From: Jan Neelen-Keppenne <a href="mailto:neelen.keppenne@skynet.be" target="_blank">neelen.keppenne@skynet.be</a><br>Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2011.06.22 (05) [EN] </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<span>Dear Lowlanders,</span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span>I
can add Kikongo where this fish (in its dried form) is called makayabo.
Kikongo speakers were in contact with Portogese explorers since the end
of the 15th century.</span></p></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span> </span></p></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">
<span>Regards,</span></p></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span> </span></p></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">
<span>Jan Neelen</span></p></div><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">----------</span><span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:13.5pt">From: Hannelore Hinz <a href="mailto:hannehinz@t-online.de" target="_blank"><hannehinz@t-online.de></a><br>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2011.06.22 (05) [EN]<br><br>Hallo Ron un all' Lowlanners.<br><br><b>Kabeljau, </b>Kabbeljau m. Kabeljau, gadus morrhua, schon früh in getrocknetem und gesalzenem Zustand bei uns eingeführt.<br>
Der <i>Kabeljau </i>erscheint wie der verwandte Dorsch <i>(Dösch) </i>in Zss. als Scheltwort: 'Kabbelauskop (vgl. <i>Dösch-, Pomuchelskopp).</i><br></span><span>Ndl. <i>cabeljauw, </i>das aus <i>bakeljauw </i>umgeformt ist, und dies geht auf lat. <i>baculum </i>zurück. <br>
K a b e l j a u k e l l e r m. der Meeresgrund in den Wendungen von einem untergehenden Schiff; <i>in den Kabeljaukeller runner . . . fohren; </i>von einem Seemann, der auf See ertrunken ist: <i>dee is in 'n Kabeljaukeller ringahn </i>RoRibn Rostock-Ribnitz; Rostock-Wustrow.<br>
<b><br>Dösch </b>m.
Dorsch, gadus morrhua, der kleinere Ostseekabeljau, der früher unter
der Bezeichnung gadus callarias für eine besondere Art angesehen wurde.<br>Die Rufe der Warnemünder Fischfrauen gibt B</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">ABST </span><span>(Diederich Georg Babst) getreu wieder: <i>Mayschulln, Desch un Bitt; </i>so hört man sie noch in den Straßen von Rostock; im Tanzreim vom <i>Salhund: Hett mi all de Dösch upfräten. </i>Mnd. <i>dorsch </i>m.<br>
<br><b>Döschangel </b>f.
Gerät zum Dorschfang; lange, dünne Leinen, von denen gewöhnlich 120-150
Schnüre herabhängen, an welchen mit Ködern besteckte Angeln befestigt
sind; Anfangs- und Endpunkt der Leinen werden durch <i>Waker </i>(längliche
Holzklötze, in deren Mitte ein Stock mit einer Flagge angebracht ist)
gekennzeichnet. Rostock-Warnemünde; Rostock-Wustrow.<br><br><b>Pomuchel</b> m. Dorsch. Übertrag. verächtlich ein altes, nicht mehr recht seetüchtiges Schiff: <i>wat wist du </i>(ein Seemann)<i> mit din oll Permuchel. </i>Die Herkunft des Wortes ist ungewiß.<br>
Pomuchelboot f. Schiff mit altmodischer Tagelage: <i>Permuchelboot </i>(1890) Rostock-Ribnitz. -<br>P
o m u c h e l s k o p p m. 'Dorschkopf', Schelt- und Spottname für
einen Menschen mit dickem Kopf, einen aufgeblasenen, geldstolzen
Menschen; als Typ gestaltet von Fritz Reuter in der <i>'Stromtid'; Wat deit donn de infame Pomuchelskopp? - Pomuchelsköpp seggen de Danziger ok to uns Mäkelbörger </i>(1930) Ro. Warn.; anderseits wurden die Danziger von den Mecklenburgern so genannt: <i>de Danziger seggen Pomuchel to'n Dösch, dorüm heiten sei Pomuchelskopp</i> (1924); bildlich Spottname für ein kurz und breit gebautes Schiff Rostock-(Bad)Doberan; <br>
<i>Pomuchelsköpp </i>nennt der Maurer <i>'Felsen', dei kein 'Gesicht' hebben, </i>die schlecht zu behauen und zu verarbeiten sind (1932)<br>W</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt">A </span><span>Kreis Waren.<br>
Lit.: Wossidlo/Teuchert<br><br>Bün ick nu ok ein Pomuchelskopp...<br><br>...heff taun Glück <b>kein'</b> dicken Kopp <b>nich</b>, * kein' ... nich, der Mecklenburger verdoppelt seine Verneinungen; sein typisches Merkmal.<br>
<br></span><i><span style="font-size:13.5pt">Hanne</span></i><span><br><br>----------</span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Etymology </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal"> </p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">Dear Lowlanders,<br><br>Thank you very much for the above. Nice to hear from you, Jan. I believe this was your debut.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal"> </p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">I should have mentioned West Frisian <i>kabbeljauw</i>.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">
</p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">I’ll read the PDF more thoroughly later, Luc. Apparently there are differing opinions, especially two schools of thought: (1) <i>kabeljauw</i> is a Basque loan, and (2) it is a Russian loan. Interestingly, the Basque Encyclopedia (<a href="http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakailao" target="_blank">http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakailao</a>) contends that <i>bakailao</i> is a Dutch loan.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal"> </p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">As for Kashubian <i>pòmùchla</i>, it does have a Polish equivalent: <i>pomuchla</i>. I assume it is a Kashubian loan. It specifically denotes Baltic cod (<i>Gadus morhua callarias</i>). I also assume that Polish <i>dorsz</i> for Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) is a German loan (<i>Dorsch</i>). The same goes for Sorbian <i>dorš</i>.</p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span> </span></p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">Most other Slavic languages, too, have Germanic loans of the <i>þorsk </i>group:</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">Belarusian <i>траска</i> (<i>traska</i>) ~ <i>трэска</i> (<i>träska</i>)<br>Bulgarian <i>треска</i> <span lang="BG">(</span><i>treska</i>)<br>Czech <i>treska</i><br>
Macedonian <i>треска</i> <span lang="BG">(</span><i>treska</i>)<br>Russian <i>треска</i> (<i>treska</i>)<br>Slovak <i>treska</i><br>Slovene <i>trske</i><br>Ukrainian <i>тріска</i> (<i>triska</i>).</p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">
</p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">But note Serbo-Croat <i>bakalar</i>. </p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal"> </p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal">
Also note Irish Gaelic <i>trosc</i>.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="MsoNormal"> </p><div style="margin-left: 40px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA</div><p style="text-align:center" align="center">
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