<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" align="center">=====================================================<br>
L O W L A N D S - L - 05 September 2011 - Volume 03<br>
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<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Phonology</p>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;"> </span></p>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">Dear Lowlanders,<br>
<br>
Before the current thread becomes more involved, I want to give you a summary
and some more information if you have been trying to follow and have a hard
time with the Low Saxon conversation.<br>
<br>
The basic thing is that Old Saxon </span><span style="color: black;">-</span>ƀ<span style="color: black;">- (a barred “b” that occurs intervocalically, which Ingmar assumes
to stand for [w] and I assume to stand for [</span>β<span style="color: black;">]) developed in two ways in Modern Saxon (Low Saxon): [v]
and [b], depending upon the dialect. In Northern Germany
it is particularly the dialects of the Low Elbe region that have the [b]
pronunciation, while most other regions have the [v] pronunciation. <br>
<br>
“remain”:<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
</span><span style="font-size:2.0pt"></span></p>

<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 5.4pt; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
 <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes">
  <td style="width:1.0in;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="96">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Old Saxon</span></p>
  </td>
  <td colspan="4" style="width:3.25in;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="312">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Modern
  Saxon (Low Saxon)</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1">
  <td style="width:1.0in;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="96">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">written</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:.75in;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="72">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">written</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:.75in;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="72">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">clear</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="80">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">less
  clear</span></p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:66.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="88">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">unclear</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2">
  <td rowspan="2" style="width:1.0in;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="96">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;">bil<span lang="ZH-CN">ī</span>ƀan ></span></p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:.75in;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="72">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b>blieven</b></p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:.75in;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="72">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center">[ˈbliːvn̩]</p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="80">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center">[ˈbliːvm̩]</p>
  </td>
  <td rowspan="2" style="width:66.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="88">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center">[ˈbliːm(m̩)]</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes">
  <td style="width:.75in;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="72">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b>blieben</b></p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:.75in;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="72">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center">[ˈbliːbn̩]</p>
  </td>
  <td style="width:60.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="80">
  <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
  auto;text-align:center" align="center">[ˈbliːbm̩]</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;"><br>
This topic came up because Ingmar noticed what seems like inconsistency in
Hanne’s writing: -b- and -w-. I explained that Hanne’s Mecklenburg region, as
also the neighboring Eastern Holstein region
(both formerly Slavic-speaking regions, incidentally) are apparently transitional.
I believe that this explains the inconsistency. <br>
<br>
I wonder if Hanne’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">bläben</i> (</span>[ˈbl<span lang="ZH-CN">ɛː</span>bm̩] >
[ˈbl<span lang="ZH-CN">ɛː</span>m(m̩)]<span style="color: black;">) was interpreted as ‘to remain’. It is in fact the past
participial form (‘remained’) of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">blieben</i>
‘to remain’. Please note that many Low Saxon dialects have discarded old
participial <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ge-</i> and its intermediate
form <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">e-</i> (as still found in parts of
the Eastern Netherlands).<br>
<br>
Here now the paradigm for verbs of the type <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">-iev-</i>
~ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">-ieb-</i> in Northern Low Saxon
(including Western Mecklenburg dialects):</span></p>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Infinitive:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"> blieven ~ blieben </i>“to remain”</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Present: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">ik bliev’, du bliffst, he/se/dat blifft, wi/ji/se blievt ~ blieven ~
blieben</i></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Past: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ik
blev’, du bleevst, he/se/dat blev’ wi/ji/se bleven ~ bleben</i></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Past Part.: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">blẹven ~ blẹben</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">~ bläwen</i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">~ bläben</i></span></p>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Infinitive:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"> schrieven ~ schrieben </i>“to write”</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Present: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">ik schriev’, du schriffst, he/se/dat schrifft, wi/ji/se schrievt ~ schrieven
~ schrieben</i></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Past: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ik
schrev’, du schreevst, he/se/dat schrev’ wi/ji/se schreven ~ schreben</i></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Past Part.: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">schrẹven ~ schrẹben</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">~ schräwen</i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">~ schräben</i></span></p>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;"> </span></p>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black;">I hope this
clarified a few matters.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>
Seattle, USA</span></p>

<p style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;" class="MsoNormal"> </p>

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