<div style="text-align:center;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>==============================</font><font>=======================<br> L O W L A N D S - L - 19 February 2012 - Volume 01<br><a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com" target="_blank">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a>
</font><font>
- <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/" target="_blank">http://lowlands-l.net/</a><br>
Posting: <a href="mailto:lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
Archive: <a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/archives/lowlands-l.html" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/archives/lowlands-l.html</a><br>
Encoding: Unicode (UTF-08)<br>
Language Codes: <a href="http://lowlands-l.net/codes.php" target="_blank">lowlands-l.net/codes.php</a><br>
==============================</font><font>=======================</font></div>
<p style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="MsoNormal"><font> </font></p>
<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">From: </font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Ingmar Roerdinkholder <<a href="mailto:roerd096@PLANET.NL">roerd096@PLANET.NL</a>></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><br>
Subject: </font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">LL-L "Phonology" 2012.02.17 (02) [EN]</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><br>
</font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">There are also a few striking phonological parallells between the Far
Eastern Low Saxon Plautdietsch and its Far Western Low Franconian
antipodes,</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
E.g. in these sentence in the Parable of the Lost (prodigal) Son in the Low Franconian dialect of Geldern:</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"Eck well no hüüs gohn en frogen öm vergiffenis en bekänne min schüld en min sönd tegen God en tegen öm"</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"Öm niet van honger sterven te motten, vermiejde hen sich bei enen boer, öm de värkes te hüjen."</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"eck well" instead of LS "ick will"</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"hüüs" instead of LS "huus"</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"bekänne" instead of LS "bekenn'n/bekennen"</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"honger" instead of LS "hunger"</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"motten" instead of LS "mutten"</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
I don't know the exact Plautdietsch equivalents here, but I think e.g. E
for short I, ÜÜ for UU, final -E for -EN, O for short U, Ä for short
E, are typical for Plautdietsch as well.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Btw Low Franconian of Germany is closer to Dutch than Low Saxon is, also
Low Saxon in the Netherlands is less related to Dutch than Low
Franconian at the Lower Rhine region in Germany.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Low Franconian dialects of Southern Gelderland and Limburg are especially close to those of bordering Germany.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Btw 2: another striking thing is that even hundreds of kilometres more
to the West, in Zeeland, West-Flandria (Belgium) and French Flandres,
the same phonological features reappear: E for I, ÜÜ for UU, Ä for E.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Maybe that helps to give Plautdietsch this Dutchish sound I mentioned?</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Ingmar</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<div style="margin-left:40px;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">From: Ingmar Roerdinkholder <[log in to unmask]></span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2012.02.16 (05) [EN]</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
In the sound of Plautdietsch I think to hear a Dutch accent, it sounds
"Dutcher" or more familiar somehow than the present day Low Saxon
dialects of Germany.</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Enjmaur</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
From: Michael Everson [log in to unmask]</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2012.02.16 (04) [EN]</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
> From: Ingmar Roerdinkholder <[log in to unmask]></span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
> Nice, Michael (btw: EVERtype as in EVERson?),</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Of course.</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
> I have a question: how is "au" pronounced in Plautdietsch, is it a
diphthong like German and Dutch au, and English ou/ow, or is it more
like an open "o" like sound, as English aw/au, or something else?</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
I have assumed it is [ɔː] or similar.</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Michael Everson * </span><a style="color:rgb(0,0,153)" href="http://www.evertype.com/" target="_blank">http://www.evertype.com/</a><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
----------</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
From: R. F. Hahn <[log in to unmask]></span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Subject: Phonology</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Hi, Ingmar!</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
You asked about the phonetic equivalent of "au" in Mennonite Low Saxon
(Plautdietsch) (equivalent of Central Low Saxon short /a/ [a] and Dutch
short /a/ [ɑ]).</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Personally I hear it as [ɑʊ] most of the time (as opposed to "German-style" [aʊ]).</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
But why not listen to it yourself?</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Jack Driedger:</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><a style="color:rgb(0,0,153)" href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/khortitza.php" target="_blank">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/khortitza.php</a><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Reuben Epp (our dear late Lowlands-L member):</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><a style="color:rgb(0,0,153)" href="http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/molochna.php" target="_blank">http://lowlands-l.net/anniversary/molochna.php</a><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Another clip:</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><a style="color:rgb(0,0,153)" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9A37iqbo1BE" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9A37iqbo1BE</a><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Please bear in mind that k > kj is older than "Russian" ("Soviet") k
> kj > tj. This goes hand in hand with the shift u > ü. In
other words, Mennonites whose ancestors left "Russia" earlier use kj and
u, while those that left "Russia" more recently use tj and ü.</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Here is a non-Mennonite Low Saxon dialect of the Midwest USA:</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><a style="color:rgb(0,0,153)" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMiElxOaHIo" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMiElxOaHIo</a><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Regards,</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Seattle, USA</span><br></div>
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">----------</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Subject: Phonology</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Hi, Ingmar!</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">The early Mennonites came from various parts of the Netherlands, on their way east were joined by people of what is now Northern Germany, and eventually picked up the East Pomeranian Low Saxon dialect of the Vistula Delta. I assume that they developed their own dialect variant by way of a far-western substrate accumulation. Later developments took place in Ukraine and eventually all over the Soviet Union.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">One of the main characteristics of Germanic varieties that were exported to the far east is the unrounding of front rounded vowels; typically ü > i and ö > e. This applies to all far-western Low Saxon, German and Yiddish varieties and may be assumed to be due to Slavic and Baltic substrata. Plautdietsch (i.e. Mennonite Low Saxon) underwent additional shifts, some of which it shares with now mostly extinct other Vistula Delta var. Notable is almost general vowel lowering (with rounding of the low vowels): i > e, e > e ~ a, a > au, aa > o(a), but i and ö derived from rounded vowels (ü > i and ö > e) tend not to be affected by this.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Non-Mennonite</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Mennonite</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Gift</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Jeft</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">poison</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">in</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">en</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">in</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">is</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">es</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">is</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hööd</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Heed</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">hats</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">gröön</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">jreen</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">green</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hüs’ ~
Hüser</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hiesa</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">houses</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hand</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Haund</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">hand</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">dat</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">daut</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">that</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">gahn</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">gohne</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">to go</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">klagen</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">kloage</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">to complain</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">büst</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">best</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">(thou)
art</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Küken</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Kjiekjel
~ Tjietjel</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">chick</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">düütsch</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">dietsch</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">German</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Already at the Vistula Delta (as opposed to later Ukrainian colonies), Plautdietsch acquired palatalization before front vowels. This includes the shift k > kj which some ("Russian") dialects later shifted to tj. Palatalization of non-word-initial /d/ is a feature Plautdietsch shares with Lower Rhine Frankish.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Non-Mennonite</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Mennonite</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Gift</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Jeft</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">poison</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Gold</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Gold</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">gold</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">gääl</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">jääl</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">yellow</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Küken</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Kjiekjel
~ Tjietjel</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">chick</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Kind</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Kjind ~
Tjind</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">child</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Kinner</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Kjinja ~
Tjinja</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">children</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Band</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Baund</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">band</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Bänner</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Benja</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">bands</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">kaken</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">koake</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">to cook</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">kieken</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">kjiekje ~
tjietje</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">to look</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">wegen</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">wäje</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">to cradle, to weigh<br></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">There is another shift that distinguishes "New Colony" Plautdietsch from "Old Colony" Plautdietsch and is predominant in the dialects of 20th-century Soviet Union. While front rounded vowels had earlier become unrounded (see above), this latest development made back-vocalic long /u/ into frontal ü.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Non-Mennonite</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Old
Colony</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">New
Colony</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Huus</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Huus</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hüüs</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">house</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hüs’ ~
Hüser</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hiesa</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Hiesa</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">houses</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Tuun</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Tuun</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Tüün</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">fence</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Tüün</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Tien</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Tien</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">fences</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Uul</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Uul</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">Ü</span><span style="font-size:10pt">ü</span><span style="font-size:10pt">l</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">owl</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">bruun</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">bruun</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">brüün</span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt">brown</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">I hope that this clarifies a few things.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">I believe that Plautdietsch </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">-e </i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">compared with Low Saxon </span><i style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">-en</i><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> adds to the Low Frankish sound.</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Regards,</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Seattle, USA</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">
</font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><div style="text-align:center"><span>==============================</span><span>===========================</span><br>
<span>
Send posting submissions to </span><a href="mailto:lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lowlands-l@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><span>.</span><br>
<span>
Please display only the relevant parts of quotes in your replies.</span><br><span>
Send commands (including "signoff lowlands-l") to</span><br>
<a href="mailto:listserv@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">listserv@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><span>
or </span><a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com" target="_blank">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a><br>
<a href="http://linguistlist.org/subscribing/sub-lowlands-l.html" target="_blank">http://linguistlist.org/subscribing/sub-lowlands-l.html</a><span>.</span><br>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com/?ref=logo#%21/group.php?gid=118916521473498" target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/?ref=logo#!/group.php?gid=118916521473498</a><br><span>
==============================</span><span>============================ </span></div>
</font>