<div style="text-align:center;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>==============================</font><font>=======================<br> L O W L A N D S - L - 21 February 2012 - Volume 01<br><a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com" target="_blank">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a>
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<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">From: <span class="gI"><span class="gD">Luc Vanbrabant</span> <span class="go"><a href="mailto:lucv32@gmail.com">lucv32@gmail.com</a></span></span><a href="mailto:hannehinz@t-online.de" target="_blank"></a><br>
Subject: <span class="gI">LL-L "Phonology" 2012.02.15 (01) [EN]</span><br>
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</font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">Dear Ron,<br><br>Western Flemish: <b>wilge wulge wuulge willighe</b><br>But we </font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"> also </font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">have a words like:<br>
<b>wiedouw/widauw</b> :</font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><span>collective for</span> <span>twigs</span> <span>on a bush</span> <span>or twigs that have been cut</span><br></font>
<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><b>wijme</b>: twig from 'wiedouw' or willow<br><br>Groetjes,<br>Luc Vanbrabant<br>Oekene<br><br></font><div style="margin-left:40px;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<font>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Phonology<br>
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Dear Lowlanders,</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">I wonder if you would join me in revisiting the Lowlands Germanic word group represented by English "willow" (genus </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Salix</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">), in part to examine more data regarding metathesis.</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Salix</b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Old English: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span>welig</span></b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Modern English: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">willow</b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Old Saxon: <b>wilgia</b></span><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Modern Low Saxon: <b>Wichel</b></span><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Middle Dutch: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span>wilghe</span></b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Modern Dutch: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span>wilg</span></b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Frisian (West): </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">wylch</b><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Frisian (East, Sater): </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Wüülg</b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">(</span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">e</b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">)-</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"></span><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Proto-Germanic: *<b>walg-</b></span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">(This is distinct from the semantically identical word group represented for instance by Scots </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">widdy</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">, Limburgish </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">wiej</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">, and German </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Weide</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">.)</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Two observations:</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"></font></div>
<ol style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,153);margin-left:40px"><li><font>The English forms show a shift from <i>-lig</i> to <i>-low</i>. The same shift can be observed in "bellow" and "fellow." At least at some point in time, Old English realized syllable-final <i>-g</i>
as a fricative (probably as [ɣ]. This, in conjunction with preceding
/l/, most probably lowered and rounded the vowel [ɪ] to [ɔ]. (The shift
from fricativized <i>-g to -w</i> is not at all uncommon among the world's languages; e.g. Turkic <i>taɣ</i> > <i>taw </i>> <i>tow</i> 'mountain').</font></li><li><font>The Saxon language must have developed the following forms ...<br>
*<i>wilge </i>[ˈwɪɫɣə] > <br>*<i>wilg </i>[wɪɫɣ] (final devoicing/hardening) > <br>*<i>wilg </i>[wɪɫç] (final vowel deletion) > <br>*<i>wileg </i>[ˈwɪɫəç] (vowel insertion) ><br><i>Wichel </i></font>
<font>[ˈwɪçeɫ] (metathesis) </font></li></ol><div style="margin-left:40px;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Are there any alternative proposals?</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Thanks and regards!</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Seattle, USA</span><br></font></div>
<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><br>----------<br><br>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>Subject: Etymology<br><br>Thanks a lot, Luc.<br><br>
</font><div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><b>wijme</b>: twig from 'wiedouw' or willow</font><br></div>
<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><br>I suspect that this word is related to Low Saxon <i>Wiem(en)</i> 'thin rod', 'thin pole', 'thin lath', 'scaffolding made from thin poles or twigs', especially made for chicken perches.<br>
<br>Regards,<br>Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA<br><br></font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">
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