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<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">From: <span><span></span></span></font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span>Luc Vanbrabant</span> <span><a href="mailto:lucv32@gmail.com" target="_blank">lucv32@gmail.com</a></span></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><br>
Subject: </font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">LL-L "Etymology" 2012.02.21 (01) [EN]</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Dear Ron,</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">I looked upon the name in Dutch, and found another word in connection to </span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span>'Scots </span><i>widdy</i><span>, Limburgish </span><i>wiej</i><span>, and German </span><i>Weide'</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">.<br>
Nl: Wederik, from Middelnederlands 'Wede/weede' meaning <i>twig, </i>from Latin 'vimen' (twig)<br><br></span>I found this on the website ( <a href="http://www.inl.nl/zoekresultaten?q=wede" target="_blank">http://www.inl.nl/zoekresultaten?q=wede</a> ):<br>
</span></font><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">1250-1550:<br>(<span>weede</span>, <span>wee</span>), znw. vr. <span>Mnd.</span> <i>wede</i>. Van den stam van <span>weden</span>, <span>got.</span> <i>widan</i>, “binden” òf verwant met het <span>germ.</span> woord voor “wilg”, <span>nl.</span> <span>hd.</span> <i>weide</i>. Zie <span><a>wide</a></span> en Kluge op <span>weide</span>, en vgl. <span>lat.</span> <i>vimen</i>, <i>vitis</i>. </div>
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<span><a><span>–</span></a></span><span>1. </span><span> <i>Datgene waarmede men bindt</i>, <i>teen</i>, <i>twijg.</i> <span><a><i><i>Teuth.</i></i></a></span> <span>eyn wijngarts layde eynjairich off weede off teene die besteit to dorren</span>, malleolus (Dief.); <span>roidekijn, gerdken, thene, weede</span>, virgula, vimen; <span>daer teenen off weeden wassen</span>, viminetum; <span>eyne tene off weede off swaeck ruedeken groen</span>, vimen; <span>wede, tene, stroe off bant dair men den wijngart myt opbyndt</span>, vitiligo. <span><a><i>Kil.</i></a></span> <span>wede</span> <i>vetus</i> virga <i>et</i> vimen (ook “et salix”, “wilg”, zie <span><a>weide</a></span> en vgl. <span><a>wide</a></span>). <span><a><i>Plant.</i></a></span> <span>wedeken, wisseken</span>, <i>viorne ou verges d'osier etc. à lier les vignes</i>, viburnum, vimen.<br>
<br>Groetjes,<br>Luc Vanbrabant<br>Oekene<br> </span>
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<font>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Phonology<br>
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Dear Lowlanders,</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">I wonder if you would join me in revisiting the Lowlands Germanic word group represented by English "willow" (genus </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Salix</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">), in part to examine more data regarding metathesis.</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Salix</b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Old English: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span>welig</span></b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Modern English: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">willow</b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Old Saxon: <b>wilgia</b></span><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
Modern Low Saxon: <b>Wichel</b></span><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Middle Dutch: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span>wilghe</span></b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Modern Dutch: </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span>wilg</span></b><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Frisian (West): </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">wylch</b><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Frisian (East, Sater): </span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Wüülg</b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">(</span><b style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">e</b><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">)-</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"></span><br><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Proto-Germanic: *<b>walg-</b></span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">(This is distinct from the semantically identical word group represented for instance by Scots </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">widdy</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">, Limburgish </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">wiej</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">, and German </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Weide</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">.)</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Two observations:</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"></font></div>
<ol style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,0,153);margin-left:40px"><li><font>The English forms show a shift from <i>-lig</i> to <i>-low</i>. The same shift can be observed in "bellow" and "fellow." At least at some point in time, Old English realized syllable-final <i>-g</i>
as a fricative (probably as [ɣ]. This, in conjunction with preceding
/l/, most probably lowered and rounded the vowel [ɪ] to [ɔ]. (The shift
from fricativized <i>-g to -w</i> is not at all uncommon among the world's languages; e.g. Turkic <i>taɣ</i> > <i>taw </i>> <i>tow</i> 'mountain').</font></li><li><font>The Saxon language must have developed the following forms ...<br>
*<i>wilge </i>[ˈwɪɫɣə] > <br>*<i>wilg </i>[wɪɫɣ] (final devoicing/hardening) > <br>*<i>wilg </i>[wɪɫç] (final vowel deletion) > <br>*<i>wileg </i>[ˈwɪɫəç] (vowel insertion) ><br><i>Wichel </i></font>
<font>[ˈwɪçeɫ] (metathesis) </font></li></ol><div style="margin-left:40px;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Are there any alternative proposals?</span></font><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
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</font><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><font><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Thanks and regards!</span></font><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><font><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Reinhard/Ron</span></font><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
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<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Seattle, USA</span></font><br></div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></span>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><div><span>----------<br><br></span><font>From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Phonology<br><br>Thanks, Luc! An excellent find!<br><br>It never even occurred to me to consider Latin as a source of <i>wijme</i> and <i>Wiem(en)</i>.<br><br></font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">Regards,<br>
Reinhard/Ron<br>Seattle, USA</font><br><font><br></font><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><br></font><div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153)"><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">From: R. F. Hahn <<a href="mailto:sassisch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">sassisch@yahoo.com</a>></font><br>
<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">Subject: Etymology</font><br><br><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">Thanks a lot, Luc.</font><br><br><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">
</font></div><div style="margin-left:80px;color:rgb(0,0,153)"><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2"><b>wijme</b>: twig from 'wiedouw' or willow</font><br></div>
<div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="2">I suspect that this word is related to Low Saxon <i>Wiem(en)</i> 'thin rod', 'thin pole', 'thin lath', 'scaffolding made from thin poles or twigs', especially made for chicken perches.</font><br>
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