<div style="text-align:center;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>==============================</font><font>=======================<br> L O W L A N D S - L - 01 March 2012 - Volume 03<br><a href="mailto:lowlands.list@gmail.com" target="_blank">lowlands.list@gmail.com</a>
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<font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">From: </font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gI"><span class="gD">Mark and Ruth Dreyer</span> <span class="go"><a href="mailto:mrdreyer@lantic.net">mrdreyer@lantic.net</a></span></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br>
Subject: </font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2012.02.29 (01) [EN]</span><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><big style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br>
</big><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Dear Ron & Co:</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Subject: LL-L "Etymology"</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Your bowled a cooliekreeper with this 'hoekom'
question.</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">I <strong>believed</strong> that 'howcome' was a borrowing
into Seau Theffrican Inglish from the Afrikaans. I can still hear my
primary school teacher, the long-suffering type, remonstrate, "Now this is an
English class, Children; & you will not ask 'howcome' but 'why', & you
will comply - not adhere: Glue adheres."</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">My 'Boshoff & Nienaber - Afrikaanse Etimologeë" has
this to say:</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><strong>'Hoekom</strong>: "waarom" [which we use as
much as the other], saamgetrtek uit <em>hoe kom (di)t dat</em>, reeds in 1769
<em>hoekom dat.</em> Met die saamtrek gaan 'dat' verlore...'</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Hulle maak melding ook van Amerikaanse Engels, so ook uit
die Nederlands geleen. Dit het ook gebeur met 'hetsy, tensy, maar, miskien, wat
vroër almal deur 'dat' gevolg is, of kon wees.</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Die worde 'waarom?' (why?) en 'hoeso?' (in what way?)
kom nog gereeld in algemene gebruik voor. So ook 'waarvoor?' (to what
purpose?', 'waarvan' (from which) soos in 'n vraag of 'n verklaring,
'Waarvandaan?' (wherefrom?). Ek sou 'hoekom?' in algewone gebruik
oorverengels as 'How so?' of 'What is the reason for that?';
verondersellend 'why?' enigsins kort kom.</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Ek ontou hoe ek 'virwat?' in en om
Oudtshoorn gehoor het, en dit het my Oupa ook vrylik gebruik. Hy het in
daai streek groot geword. Ek veronderstel hierdie gebruik het uit die
Litwak Joods uitgedryf.</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Ron's input follows below.</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Yrs to All (with apologies for lurking)</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Mark.</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>In Dutch, the most
basic adverbs expressing the idea of "why" are <i>waarom</i> and <i>hoezo</i> (=
"how so"), while in Afrikaans they are <i>waarom</i> and <i>hoekom</i> (= "how
come"). Do competent speakers perceive them as being semantically
different?<br><br>Am I correct in assuming that Afrikaans <i>hoekom</i> is a
calque (i.e. loan translation from English?<br><br>Low Saxon of Germany has
<i>waarüm</i> ~ <i>worüm</i> [vo(ʊ̯)ˈrʏˑm], <i>woso</i> [vo(ʊ̯)ˈzoʊ̯] (= "how so"), <i>woför</i> [vo(ʊ̯)ˈfœɐ] (=
"what for"?), and <i>waarvon ~ wovon </i>~ <i>wovun </i>[vo(ʊ̯)ˈfɔˑn] ~
[vo(ʊ̯)ˈfʊˑn] (= "what from").<br><br>It seems that words for "why" used to
distinguish between
at least the
following ideas:</font></div>
<div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font> </font></div>
<div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>"as a result of what (past)
cause" (past)</font></div>
<div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>"for what reason"
(present-future)</font></div>
<div style="margin-left:40px;color:rgb(0,0,153);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font>"for what purpose/benefit"
(future)</font></div>
<div style="margin-left:40px;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">As semantic awareness of the
differences disappeared, generally applicable ones came into more common use
(e.g. English "why").</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">For example, default "why" in the following
languages seem to have originally conveyed the sense of "for what
(purpose/benefit"): Yiddish פֿֿארװאָס (</span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">farvos</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">), Catalan </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">per què</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">,
Castilian </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">por qué</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">, Portuguese </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">por que</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">, French </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">pourquoi</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">,
Italian </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">perché</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">, Hebrew לַמָה (</span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">lamāh</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">), Arabic </span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">limā </i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">~</span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
</i><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">limā</i><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">đā </i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">~</span><i style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"> lima</i><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
(لِمَا . لِمَاذَا . لِمَ).</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Any thoughts or
insight, anyone?</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Regards,</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Reinhard/Ron</span><br style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)">Seattle, USA</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,153)"></span></font><br></div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br>----------<br><br></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">From: </font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gI"><span class="gD">Roland Desnerck</span> <span class="go"><a href="mailto:roland.desnerck@telenet.be">roland.desnerck@telenet.be</a></span></span><font style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br>
Subject: </font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif" class="gI">LL-L "Etymology" 2012.02.29 (01) [EN]<br><br></span><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Beste Laaglanders, beste Ron,</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">In Oostende (West-Vlaanderen) gebruiiken we voor "why":</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Oevan? (uit hoe van?) Oevan wit hen hie dadde nie? (Waarom weet hij dat niet?)</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Voe wa? Voe wa bluuf je gie thuus? (Waarom blijf je thuis). Vgl. voe wien? (voor wie?)</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Woavoorn? Woavoorn hé je gie da gedoan? (Waarom heb je dat gedaan?)</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">en ook: </div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Hoe komt dadde? Hoe komt da? Hoe komt da da je hier nog ziet? (Waarom ben je hier nog?)</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Hierbij te vermelden:</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Woavan wé té? (Waarom eigenlijk?)</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Wovan? Wovan komt da? (Waarom of hoe komt dat?)</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Hoeda? (Hoe da? Hé je gie nu nog osan gin vint? (Werkelijk? Heb je nog geen echtgenoot?)</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
"Té"
slaat op de tweede persoon, de aangesprokene, en is naar ik meen
verwant met "tu, du". In geheel West-Vlaanderen, buiten Oostende, zegt
men: "dé".</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Go je komm té? Zal jij komen ("té" betekent hierin zoals ik verwacht had)</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">De ontkenning:</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">En go je nie komm ténne? (zal jij niet komen, wat ik verwachtte)</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
Hopelijk heb je hieraan iets...</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Toetnoasteki,</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Roland Desnerck</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Rogierlaan 25</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">8400 0ostende</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">West-Vlaanderen</div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">België <br></div><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">----------<br>
<br></span><big style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">From: Hannelore Hinz <a href="mailto:hannehinz@t-online.de" target="_blank"><hannehinz@t-online.de></a><br>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2012.02.29 (01) [EN]<br>
<br>
So will ick hapen, ick mell mi nich tau lat...<br>
<br>
<b>DUDEN 7:</b><br>
<b>warum </b>siehe unter <i>wo<br>
</i><b>wo: </b>Das <i>westgerm. </i>Ortsabverb <i>mhd.</i> wā,
<i>ahd. </i>[h] wār, <i>niederl. </i>waar, <i>engl. </i>where
(vgl. auch mit Kürze <i>got</i> usw. usw.) Un denn kannst noch
läsen: Das schon im <i>Mhd. </i>geschwundene <b>r </b>hat sich
in Zusammensetzungen mit anlautendem Vokal gehalten: woran, worin,
<br>
worüber. <br>
Das <b>a </b>des <i>Mhd. </i>und <i>Ahd. </i>hat sich<b>
warum </b><i>(mhd. </i>warumbe) erhalten.<br>
<br>
<b>Synonymwörterbuch:<br>
</b><b>warum: </b>weshalb, wieso, weswegen, wozu [in]wiefern, aus
welchem Grund, zu welchem Ende.<br>
Das <b>Warum: </b>Ursache, Anlaß, Grund, Wurzel, Hintergrund,
Warum, des Pudels Kern; <i>auch </i>Veranlassung.<br>
<br>
Lit.: GÜNTER UND JOHANNA HARTE:<br>
<b>warum, </b>pron., worüm; woso/-för, wat büst du so dumm <i>warum
bist du so dumm; </i>wovon sall he dat doon <i>warum tut er
das wohl<br>
<br>
</i>Lit.: Renate Herrmann-Winter:<br>
<b>warum </b><i>worüm,wurüm, <b>Syn </b>wurtau<br>
<br>
</i>Lit.: Wossidlo/Teuchert<br>
<b>wurüm </b>warum: <i>wrüm kam he denn af van em? Wurüm wir dat
all so?<br>
</i>Wortspiel: <i>worüm? - Dorüm, wil 't <b>hierüm</b> nich
geiht; </i>durch <i>as: worüm as dat afkamen is, weit ick ok
nich.<br>
</i><b>Wurümbrauder, Worümbrauder </b>m. jem., der oft <i>wurüm?
</i>fragt: <i>dat is sonn' Worümbroder.<br>
</i><b>wurümhalwer</b><i><b> </b></i>warum: <i>worümhalwer
fasten Johannes sine Jüngers?<br>
</i><b>wurup</b>: worauf: <i>wurup will wi töwen; dee fröggt em,
wur he up dal wull <br>
</i>was er im Sinne habe; erweitert durch <i>dat: woup dat se dor
jeden Abend sitten deit </i>zu welchem Zweck; im Scherzrätsel:
<i>wo steiht de Aben up? - Bi 't Mundlock.<br>
</i><b>wurut </b>woraus, <b>wurväl</b> wie <i>woväl, </i><b>wurvon
</b>von wovon; <i>wurvon wüßten sei dat all?; se fröggt ehr <b>woan
</b>un <b>wovan</b>; <b>wovon </b>nich? </i>weshalb nicht;<br>
relativ: <i>min Swester,<b> wo </b>wi <b>von </b>seggen daun </i>von
der wir sprechen.<br>
<b>wur- </b>aus dem Hd. wo -in Zss.; entsprechend den
Verbindungen mit <i>dor, <br>
<b>wuran</b> </i>woran; <i><b>wuranners</b> </i>woanders,
anderswo; <b><i>wurans </i></b>wie <i>woans, gekoppelt <b>wur
ans? Wur so?</b></i>; <b><i>wurdörch</i></b>, nur halbhd.. -
<b><i>Wodörch nich?;<br>
wurför</i> </b>wofür; <b><i>wurhen </i></b>wohin; <b><i>wurher
</i></b>woher; <b><i>wurmit </i></b>womit; <b><i>wurmœglich </i></b>womöglich;
<b><i>wurnäben </i></b><i>(wuneeben?</i>) wo neben, <i>vo-näbn,
vo-näft, wurnäben brennt et?; </i>In Verbindung mit <i>her </i>zur
Angabe der Herkunft, woher: <b><i>wonäwt dat sei her wiren; wunäf
</i></b>(wie) <i>is nu de Sak mit mi; <b>wonäwt von? </b></i>von
wem? wovon?; <b><i>wunäw </i></b>ungefähr; <b><i>wurnah </i></b>nur
halbhd. wo- wonach, interrogativ: <i>Ick hef int Hart ein Janken,
weit nich wonah, weit nich wonah; </i>relativ <i>nu kümmt dat,
wonah du mi fragen deist; </i>indefinit: <i>dat Lin'n süht <b>wonah
</b>ut </i>(gut). <i>Dat lett wonah mit so 'n witten Kragen </i>(sieht
modisch aus); <i>dat let sick hüt würklich wonah an </i>(war ein
glücklicher Tag).<br>
<br>
Kannst hier noch 'n Klauk in finn' bi all' dat <b><i>Wurhen un
Wurher </i></b>...<br>
<br>
Best Gräuten.<br>
<br>
Hanne</big><br style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">
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